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In this paper, a fuzzy dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive control method is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems. By employing fuzzy dynamic characteristic model, the controlled plant is described as a slowly time-varying fuzzy system, wherein the parameters are estimated online by using recursive Least-Squares algorithm. Under this framework, a fuzzy adaptive controller is constructed, and the stability condition of the closed-loop system is also derived. The main advantage of th
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RESEARCH PAPERS
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Special Focus
SCIENCE CHINA
Information Sciences
March 2011 Vol. 54 No. 3: 460–468
doi: 10.1007/s11432-011-4188-9
c
Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 info.scichina.com www.springerlink.com
Fuzzy dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive
control of nonlinear systems and its application to
hypersonic vehicles
LI HongBo
∗
, SUN ZengQi, MIN HaiBo & DENG JianQiu
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Received May 6, 2010; accepted December 14, 2010
Abstract In this paper, a fuzzy dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive control method is proposed for
a class of nonlinear systems. By employing fuzzy dynamic characteristic model, the controlled plant is described
as a slowly time-varying fuzzy system, wherein the parameters are estimated online by using recursive Least-
Squares al gorithm. Under this fr amework, a fuzzy adaptive controller is constructed, and the stability condition
of the closed-loop system is also derived. The main advantage of the proposed method lies in no requirement
for the prior knowledge of system model and less parameters to tune, which allows engineers to operate it in
a simple, straightforward manner. The proposed method is applied to the control of hypersonic vehicle, and
simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Keywords fuzzy control, dynamic characteristic model, adaptive control, hypersonic vehicle
Citation Li H B, Sun Z Q, Min H B, et al. Fuzzy dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive control of non -
linear systems and its application to hype r sonic vehicles. Sci China Inf Sci, 2011, 54: 460–468, doi: 10.1007/s11432-
011-4188-9
1 Introduction
In the past decades, fuzzy control techniques have received increasing attention from research commu-
nities, and have been widely and successfully used in modeling and control of nonlinear sys tems [1–10 ].
Especially, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model has bee n well recognized as an effective method in approx-
imating complex nonlinear system [6–10]. In T-S fuzzy model, local dynamics in different state space
regions are represented by different linear models, and the overall model of the system is achieved by
fuzzy “blending” of these fuzzy models. In r ecent years, many researchers have shown their interest in
T-S fuzzy models, and a gre at number of res ults have been reported in the literature, see [6–11] and the
reference therein. It is worth noting that, in most o f the aforementioned re sults on T- S fuzzy systems,
the T-S fuzzy models and the corresponding c ontrollers are usually obtained off-line. However, in ma ny
practical applications, it is more desirable to develop o nline controller design methods to accommodate
the changes of the process or the behavior in a dynamic environment. Therefore, some adaptation mech-
anisms have been introduced into T-S fuzzy control to improve the robustness and control performance
∗
Corresponding author (email: lihongbo.jason@gmail.com)
Li H B, et al. Sci China Inf Sci M arch 2011 Vol. 54 No. 3 461
of the closed-loop system, a nd some pro mis ing methods a re repor ted in the literature. For more details
on this subject, please refer to [12] and the reference therein.
On the other hand, characteristic model is an effective modeling method based on both plant dynamic
characteristics and co ntrol performance requirements, rather than based on only accurate plant dynamic
analysis [13–17]. By using online parameter e stimation algorithm, characteristic model approximates the
controlled plant with a s lowly time-varying low-order difference equation, and therefore can enable us to
design low-order intelligent controller for various complex plants with nonlinearities and uncertainties.
More importantly, characteristic-model has less parameters to estimate and the corresponding adaptive
controller is simple to use, convenient to adjust and test [16]. Up to now, characteristic-model-based
adaptive control has been succe ssfully applied to more than 400 different systems in the field of industry
and spacecraft control [16, 17], and has been shown promising results. Although this technique has
good r obustness and shows promising performance, pure characteristic-model based control method also
presents drawbacks that, for complex system with strong nonlinear coupling and parametric vibration,
characteristic model may not provide the neces sary modeling precision required for engineering design
tasks. Therefore, it is desirable to introduce some mechanism into characteristic model to improve the
modeling precisio n, but without increasing model complexity. However, to the best of the authors’
knowledge, the problem has not received much r e search attention and is still open, which motivates the
present study.
In view of the advantages and disadvantages of T-S fuzzy model and characteristic model, it is a natural
idea to combine them together by replacing linear models in T-S fuzzy model with characteristic models ,
which gives rise to the so-called fuzzy dynamic characteristic model. In our earlier work [18], neuro-fuzzy
dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive control was investigated and some preliminary results were
unveiled. It is worth noting that our previous work in [18] leaves much room for improvement since, on
one hand, the parameter estimation algorithm ther e in bears no clear physical meaning and is somewhat
complicated for on-line application, while on the other hand, the stability analysis therein is preliminary
and the stability c ondition of the closed-loop system is still needed. It is therefore the intentio n of this
paper to present more effective parameter estimation algorithm and stability co nditions for this method,
and apply the obtained res ults to the control of hypersonic vehicle. The main advantage of the proposed
method lies in no requirement to the prior knowledge of system model and less parameters to tune, which
allows engineers to operate it in a simple, str aightforward manner. To make our idea more lucid, we only
consider single-input single-output (SISO) nonlinear system in this study. However, the idea behind this
paper can be easily extended to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. The problem formulation and preliminaries are given in
section 2. A fuzzy dynamic characteristic modeling and adaptive control method for nonlinear system
is pr oposed in section 3. Numeric al results are provided in section 4. Finally, conclusions are drawn in
section 5.
Notation. Throughout this paper, R
n
and R
n×m
denote the n dimensional Euclidean space and the
set of all n × m real matrices respectively. The superscript “T” denotes matrix tra nsposition; and I is
the identity matrix with appropriate dimensions. For symmetric matrices X a nd Y , the nota tion X > Y
means that X −Y is positive definite. Finally, in symmetric block matrices, we use “∗” as an ellipsis for
the terms introduced by symmetry.
2 Problem formulation and preliminaries
Consider the following nonlinear system:
˙
x(t) = f (x) + g(x)u,
y = h(x), (1)
where x ∈ R
n
is the sy stem state, u ∈ R
1
is the control input and y ∈ R
1
is the measured output. To
simplify our notation, we foc us on SISO nonlinear systems in this study, but the extension of these results
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