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General MIDI Lite Version 1.0
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General MIDI Lite And Guidelines for Use In Mobile Applications Version 1.0
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General MIDI Lite
And Guidelines for Use In Mobile Applications
Version 1.0
October 5, 2001
Published By:
The MIDI Manufacturers Association
Los Angeles, CA
NOTE: GML Specification Version 1.0 (the release version of GML) includes a change to the
recommended MIDI Pan formula from previous (unpublished) versions of the document.
General MIDI Lite Specification and Guidelines for Use In Mobile Applications
RP-033
Copyright 2001 MIDI Manufacturers Association Incorporated
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED
IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING INFORMATION
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE MIDI
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION.
Printed 2001
MMA
PO Box 3173
La Habra CA 90632-3173
Version 1.0 Page i October 5, 2001
GENERAL MIDI LITE AND GUIDELINES FOR USE IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT............................................................................................................................................1
1.3 ABOUT GENERAL MIDI LITE.....................................................................................................................................1
1.4 GUIDE TO TECHNICAL TERMS....................................................................................................................................2
2 MOBILE MIDI OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 FUNCTIONAL MODEL MAP ........................................................................................................................................4
2.2 SERVICE MODEL FUNCTIONAL MAP........................................................................................................................5
2.3 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS...........................................................................................................................................6
3 GENERAL MIDI LITE SOUND MODULE SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................7
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................................................................7
3.1.1 Sound Source Type.............................................................................................................................................7
3.1.2 Number of Notes (Polyphony)..........................................................................................................................7
3.1.3 MIDI Channels.....................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.4 Melody Channels and Rhythm Channels.......................................................................................................7
3.1.5 Modes....................................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.6 Timbres..................................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.7 Pitch.......................................................................................................................................................................8
3.1.8 Sound Generator Assignment...........................................................................................................................8
3.2 MIDI CHANNEL MESSAGES.........................................................................................................................................9
3.2.1 Note On / Note Off...............................................................................................................................................9
3.2.2 Program Change Message................................................................................................................................9
3.2.3 Control Change Messages................................................................................................................................9
3.2.4 RPN (Registered Parameter Numbers) ........................................................................................................10
3.2.5 Channel Mode Messages................................................................................................................................10
3.2.6 Pitch Bend Change..........................................................................................................................................11
3.3 SYSTEM MESSAGES.....................................................................................................................................................11
3.3.1 GM Lite Reset....................................................................................................................................................11
3.4 SOUND SETS................................................................................................................................................................12
3.4.1 Melody Channel Sound Set............................................................................................................................12
3.4.2 Rhythm Channel Sound Set............................................................................................................................14
4 AUTHORING GUIDELINES FOR GM LITE CONTENT............................................................................................15
4.1 RESTRICTIONS ON GM LITE SONG DATA CONTENT PRODUCTION..................................................................15
4.1.1 Number of Notes (Polyphony).......................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Channel Assignment........................................................................................................................................15
4.1.3 Available Pitch Range....................................................................................................................................15
4.1.4 Available Message Types................................................................................................................................15
4.1.5 Prohibitions on Certain Messages...............................................................................................................16
4.1.6 Available Meta-Events....................................................................................................................................16
4.1.7 Set-Up Bar.........................................................................................................................................................16
4.2 RECOMMENDED STEPS FOR CONTENT PRODUCTION.........................................................................................18
4.3 POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND DURING CONTENT AUTHORING................................................................................18
(c) 2001 MIDI Manufacturers Association Incorporated
All Rights Reserved
Version 1.0 Page ii October 5, 2001
GENERAL MIDI LITE AND GUIDELINES FOR USE IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS
5 PLAYER GUIDELINES FOR GM LITE CONTENT.....................................................................................................20
5.1 TARGET FILE ...............................................................................................................................................................20
5.1.1 Chunk Extraction.............................................................................................................................................20
5.1.2 Header Chunk...................................................................................................................................................20
5.1.3 Track Chunk......................................................................................................................................................21
5.2 PLAYER CONFIGURATION .........................................................................................................................................22
5.2.1 General Authoring Configuration................................................................................................................22
5.2.2 Player Configuration for Portable Devices.................................................................................................23
5.3 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................................................................................25
5.3.1 The Beginning of Performance.......................................................................................................................25
5.3.2 Dealing with Reset of Sound Module (GM1 System On)..........................................................................25
5.3.3 Dealing with the Set-Up Bar..........................................................................................................................26
5.3.4 Tempo and Calculating Delta Time (Elapsed Time).................................................................................26
5.3.5 Player Management of the Event List (Message List)..............................................................................28
6 GENERAL MIDI LITE LOGO ..........................................................................................................................................29
6.1 CONTACTS....................................................................................................................................................................29
7 REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................................................................30
(c) 2001 MIDI Manufacturers Association Incorporated
All Rights Reserved
Version 1.0 Page 1 October 5, 2001
GENERAL MIDI LITE AND GUIDELINES FOR USE IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The MIDI protocol was originally designed with the assumption that the Transmitter and Receiver are located
and controlled together in a single location. This is not the case within the portable device market area,
which includes products such as cellular telephones with Ringing Tone Melodies. In this market area, the
Transmitter and Receiver may be widely separated and the Receiver (e.g. cell phone) may have only limited
control over the Transmitter (e.g. remote music server). Under these circumstances it can be particularly
difficult to ensure compatibility, so it is essential that standards exist for song data content and playback
performance.
As the administrators of the MIDI Standard, AMEI and the MMA are obligated to promote the correct
application of MIDI, SMF (Standard MIDI File) and related specifications, and to establish standards and
recommended practices appropriate for such markets. This document describes a platform for mobile MIDI
communication that has been approved and adopted as a standard by the MIDI industry (represented by
AMEI and MMA). Additional specifications are also planned for development by AMEI and MMA in the near
future.
1.2 About this Document
This document has three primary components:
§ A specification called General MIDI Lite (GM Lite), which defines a new level of tone generation
(sound module) device;
§ Authoring guidelines for music data in SMF (Standard MIDI File) format that is intended for playback
on GM Lite devices;
§ Implementation guidelines for GM Lite file players .
This document was initially developed by the Mobile MIDI working group of the Association of Musical
Electronics Industry (“AMEI”), to address the cellular telephone ringer market in Japan. The document was
subsequently refined by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (“MMA”) and AMEI to enable broader use of
General MIDI Lite in mobile communications and in other portable applications.
Note: The General MIDI Lite specification defines a fixed-polyphony MIDI device, intended to meet a
particular set of current and future market needs. AMEI and MMA are well aware that this fixed-polyphony
approach poses a number of problems, not only for current software-based Tone Generators with lower
polyphony, but also for future higher-polyphony devices. Therefore, AMEI and the MMA are also developing a
specification for flexible polyphony MIDI devices and content, that is intended to complement General MIDI
Lite. Developers of GM Lite players are strongly advised to keep as much flexibility as possible in how their
players handle channel priorities, drum channels and other System messages. This will make it far easier
for their products to be compatible with song data authored for the pending scalable MIDI specification.
1.3 About General MIDI Lite
1. General MIDI Lite Sound is intended for equipment that does not have the capability to support GM
(General MIDI) 1.0, on the assumption that a lower level of performance may be acceptable in some
applications. GM Lite represents just one standardized set of performance capabilities for portable
applications other performance levels are likely to be standardized in the future.
2. It is necessary to comply with all three parts of this document (General MIDI Lite Sound Module
Specification, Authoring Guidelines For GM Lite Content and Player Guidelines for GM Lite Content)
to ensure compatibility and proper operation of a GM Lite device.
(c) 2001 MIDI Manufacturers Association Incorporated
All Rights Reserved
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