Argument
中
⽂
提
纲
2
分
享
Argument
中
⽂
提
纲
2
31 214,
(
教
育
,
城
市
,
社
会
/
论
断
/
对
⽐
)
In each city in the region of Treehaven, themajority of the money spent on
government-run public schooleducation comes from taxes that each city government collects. The region's cities
differ, however, in thevalue they place on public education. For example, Parson City typicallybudgets(1,2)
twice as much money per year as Blue City does for its publicschools—even though both cities have about the
same number of residents(3,4). It seems clear, therefore, that Parson Cityresidents care(5) more about
public school education than do Blue
City residents.★★★★
1. The city’s budget for itspublic schools is not an accurate indication of the value it places on publiceducation. (U.C)
★★★★
2. The author fails to inform uswhat fraction of the total budget are used for public schools in each city,thus we cannot
evaluate which city cares more about public school education. (V.D)
★★★★
3. Many other differences betweenParson City and Blue City may also contribute to the differences in the amountof money
they budget for their public schools. (I.C) ★★★
4. We do not know the amount ofstudents who go to public schools in the two cities, thus we could not evaluatethe
argument. (I.I) ★★★★
5. The amount of city budgets forpublic schools may not represent residents’ attitude towards public schooleducation.
(U.C) ★★★★★
32
(
⽣
产
,
劳动
安
全
/
对
策
/
先
并
列
后
递进
)
The followingappeared in a memo from a vice president of
AltaManufacturing.
"Duringthe past year, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-jobaccidents(2,4) than nearby Panoply
Industries, where the work shifts are onehour shorter than ours(5). Experts believe thata significant contributing
factor in many on-the-job accidents is fatigue andsleep deprivation among workers. Therefore,to reduce the
number of on-the-job accidents at Alta(6) and thereby increaseproductivity(1), we should shorten each
of our three work shifts by one hour sothat our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep(3)."
★★181
1. The president provides noevidence that overall worker productivity is attributable in part to the numberof on-the-job
accidents. (NCR) ★★★
2. The president assumes that someaccidents at Alta are caused by fatigue or sleep deprivation. (U.A)
★★★★
3. The assumption that Alta'sworkers would use the additional hour of free time to sleep or rest is open todoubt. (U.A)
★★★
4. The president fails to considerthat the per-worker accident rate might reveal that Alta is actually safer thanPanoply,
depending on the total number of workers at each company. (V.D) ★★★
5. The president fails to considerpossible differences between Alta and Panoply which render them incomparable. (F.A)
★★★★
6. Merely shortening the workshifts might not suffice to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents. (sufficiency of the
solution) ★★★
33
(
社
会
,
能
源
/
预
⾔
,
论
断
/
并
列
)
The following appeared in a memorandum from theplanning department of an
electric power company.
"Severalrecent surveys indicate that homeowners are increasingly eager to conserveenergy(1) and manufacturers
are now marketing many home appliances(2), such asrefrigerators and air conditioners, that are almost twice as
energy-efficientas those sold a decade ago. Also, new technologies for better home insulationand passive solar
heating(2) are readily available to reduce the energy neededfor home heating. Therefore, weanticipate that the
total demand for electricity in our area will notincrease(3), and may decline slightly. Since our three
electric generatingplants in operation(5) for the past 20 years have always met our needs,construction
of new generating plants should not be necessary(4)." ★★★
1. The author provides no evidencethat homeowners who are eager to conserve energy would purchase and use
thoseenergy-efficient home appliances. (U.A)★★★
2. We are not informed about theprice of those energy-efficient home appliances and the cost of employing thenew
technologies, thus could not predict if residents could afford using them,and if they are willing to pay for these technologies.
(adv:disadv/feasibility of the conclusion)
★★★
3. Many factors could lead to theincrease in the demand for electricity in the future. (sufficiency of the conclusion)
★★★★★
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