基于区块链的异构智能交通系统动态密钥管理1

2327-4662 (c) 2017 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2740569, IEEE Internet of

Things Journal

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 1

Blockchain-Based Dynamic Key Management for

Heterogeneous Intelligent Transportation Systems

Ao Lei, Haitham Cruickshank, Member, IEEE, Yue Cao, Member, IEEE,

Philip Asuquo, Chibueze P. Anyigor Ogah, and Zhili Sun, Member, IEEE

Abstract—As modern vehicle and communication technolo-

secured group broadcast. Therefore, secure key management

schemes are considered as a critical technique for network

security. In this paper, we propose a framework for providing

secure key management within the heterogeneous network. The

security managers (SMs) play a key role in the framework by

capturing the vehicle departure information, encapsulating block

to transport keys and then executing rekeying to vehicles within

the same security domain. The first part of this framework is

a novel network topology based on a decentralised blockchain

structure. The blockchain concept is proposed to simplify the

time than the structure with a central manager, while the dynamic

scheme allows SMs to flexibly fit various traffic levels.

Index Terms—Dynamic Key Management, Blockchain, han-

dover, VCS, ITS

C

to human beings. One of the most attractive CPS scenarios

is the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Vehicles and

and covers a dedicated section of the road. Traditional VCS is

comprised of multiple RSU cells and offers a platform among

ITS for vehicles to exchange various kinds of messages such

2327-4662 (c) 2017 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2740569, IEEE Internet of

Things Journal

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2

managers [18] [19]. Recently, heterogeneous VCSs are given

more attention. The heterogeneity in terms of different central

managers has become a real problem as VCS is considered as

a worldwide system covering multiple countries. Specifically

speaking, SM should timely deliver a vehicle’s cryptographic

materials to the neighbour SM when the car passes the cross-

Central managers are removed from the blockchain structure

if the messages pass the authentication process. With the help

security domains can be accelerated since the information is

directly sent to the destination rather than passing the messages

through central managers. Moreover, the distributed structure

of blockchain network performs better robustness under the

single point of failure.

In this paper, we propose a key management scheme

for VCS scenario, including the key transfer between two

heterogeneous networks and the dynamic key management

scheme to decrease the key transfer time. A novel blockchain

key transfer handshake procedure in order to achieve better

The record of these processes (mined blocks) is shared within

result of heterogeneous key management is compared with

that in the traditional network structure to evaluate the perfor-

mances of our blockchain based scheme.

The remainder of this paper is organised as follows: Sec-

tion II briefly introduces key management techniques. Model

overview and details of our scheme are discussed in section

III. We describe our system model, including blockchain

algorithms, key transfer between heterogeneous networks and

dynamic transaction collection periods. Scenario is set up for

performance evaluation in Section IV. Section V concludes

In this section, we present the overview of the characteristics

of any related schemes in this section, a brief literature review

about CPS, bitcoin, blockchain applications and VCS key

management is introduced afterwards.

In Cyber-Physical System, components are classified into