摘 要
I
摘 要
在生产过程中，使生产对象（原材料，毛坯，零件或总成等）的质和量的状
态发生直接变化的过程叫工艺过程，如毛坯制造，机械加工，热处理，装配等都
称之为工艺过程。在制定工艺过程中，要确定各工序的安装工位和该工序需要的
工步，加工该工序的机车及机床的进给量，切削深度，主轴转速和切削速度，该
工序的夹具，刀具及量具，还有走刀次数和走刀长度，最后计算该工序的基本时
间，辅助时间和工作地服务时间。
关键词 工序，工艺，工步，加工余量，定位方案，夹紧力
Abstract
II
ABSTRACT
Enable producing the target in process of production (raw materials, the blank ,
state of quality and quantity on part become always ) take place direct course of
change ask craft course, if the blank is made, machining, heat treatment , assemble etc.
and call it the craft course. In the course of making the craft , is it confirm every
erector location and worker step that process need this of process to want, the
locomotive of processing , this process , and the entering the giving amount of the
lathe, cut depth , the rotational speed of the main shaft and speed of cutting, the jig of
this process, the cutter and measuring tool, a one hundred sheets of number of times
still leaves and a one hundred sheets of length leaves, calculate basic time of this
process , auxiliary time and service time of place of working finally.
Keywords： The process, worker one, worker's step , the surplus of processing,
orient the scheme , clamp strength
目 录
摘 要 ..........................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................II
1 CA6140 机床后托架加工工艺...............................................................................3
1.1 CA6140 机床后托架的工艺分析 ...............................................................................3
1.2 CA6140 机床后托架的工艺要求及工艺分析 .............................................................3
1.2.1 CA6140 机床`后托架的技术要求 ......................................................................4
1.3 加工工艺过程 ........................................................................................................4
1.4 确定各表面加工方案 ..............................................................................................4
1.4.1 在选择各表面及孔的加工方法时，要综合考虑以下因素 ..................................4
1.4.2 平面的加工.....................................................................................................4
1.4.3 孔的加工方案 ..................................................................................................4
1.5 确定定位基准 ........................................................................................................5
1.5.1 粗基准的选择 .................................................................................................5
1.5.2 精基准选择的原则 ..........................................................................................6
1.6 工艺路线的拟订 .....................................................................................................6
1.6.1 工序的合理组合...............................................................................................7
1.6.2 工序的集中与分散 ..........................................................................................7
1.6.3 加工阶段的划分..............................................................................................8
1.6.4 加工工艺路线方案的比较................................................................................9
1.7 CA6140 机床后托架的偏差，加工余量，工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定.....................12
1.7.1 毛坯的结构工艺要求.....................................................................................12
1.7.2 CA6140 机床后托架的偏差计算......................................................................13
1.8 确定切削用量及基本工时（机动时间）................................................................16
1.8.1 工序 1：粗、精铣底面 ..................................................................................16
1.8.2 工序 2 粗、半精、精镗 CA6140 侧面三杠孔.................................................18
1.8.3 工序 3：钻顶面四孔......................................................................................24
1.8.4 工序 4：钻侧面两孔......................................................................................28
1.9 时间定额计算及生产安排 .....................................................................................30
1.9.1 粗、精铣底面 ...............................................................................................31
1.9.2 镗侧面三杠孔 ...............................................................................................31
1.9.3 钻顶面四孔...................................................................................................32
2 专用夹具设计........................................................................................................34
2.1 铣平面夹具设计 ...................................................................................................34
2.1.1 研究原始质料 ...............................................................................................34
2.1.2 定位基准的选择............................................................................................34
2.1.3 切削力及夹紧分析计算 .................................................................................34
2.1.4 误差分析与计算............................................................................................35
2.1.5 夹具设计及操作的简要说明 ..........................................................................36
2.2 镗孔夹具设计 ......................................................................................................36
2.2.1 研究原始质料 ...............................................................................................36
2.2.2 定位基准的选择............................................................................................36
2.2.3 切削力及夹紧力的计算 .................................................................................37
2.2.4 误差分析与计算............................................................................................39
2.3 钻顶面四孔夹具设计 ............................................................................................39
2.3.1 研究原始质料 ...............................................................................................39
2.3.2 定位基准的选择............................................................................................40
2.3.3 切削力及夹紧力的计算 .................................................................................40
2.3.4 误差分析与计算............................................................................................41
2.3.5 夹具设计及操作的简要说明 ..........................................................................41
结 论..........................................................................................................................41
参考文献......................................................................................................................43
致 谢..........................................................................................................................44
CA6140 机床后托架加工工艺
1 CA6140 机床后托架加工工艺
1.1 CA6140 机床后托架的工艺分析
CA6140 机床后托架的是 CA6140 机床的一个重要零件，因为其零件尺寸较小，
结构形状也不是很复杂，但侧面三杠孔和底面的精度要求较高，此外还有顶面的
四孔要求加工，但是对精度要求不是很高。后托架上的底面和侧面三杠孔的粗糙
度要求都是
6.1Ra
，所以都要求精加工。其三杠孔的中心线和底平面有平面度的
公差要求等。因为其尺寸精度、几何形状精度和相互位置精度，以及各表面的表
面质量均影响机器或部件的装配质量，进而影响其性能与工作寿命，因此它的加
工是非常关键和重要的。
1.2 CA6140 机床后托架的工艺要求及工艺分析
锪平
图 1.1 CA6140 机床后托架零件图
一个好的结构不但要应该达到设计要求，而且要有好的机械加工工艺性，也
就是要有加工的可能性，要便于加工，要能够保证加工质量，同时使加工的劳动
量最小。而设计和工艺是密切相关的，又是相辅相成的。设计者要考虑加工工艺
