LinuxShell使用手册.docx资源-CSDN文库

shell

linux

需积分: 5 167 浏览量 2021-09-08 08:44:32 上传评论收藏 7.37MB DOCX 举报

资源推荐

资源详情

资源评论

Linux Shell 使用手册

vim 程序编辑器 .........................................................................................................................................14

vi 与 vim..................................................................................................................................................14

为何要学 vim .....................................................................................................................................15

vi 的使用 ................................................................................................................................................16

移动光标 ............................................................................................................................................19

基本编辑 ............................................................................................................................................21

查找和替换 ........................................................................................................................................27

编辑多个文件 ....................................................................................................................................30

保存工作 ............................................................................................................................................34

打开只读文件,修改后需要保存时(不用切换用户即可保存的方式)..............................................35

快速删除全部内容 ............................................................................................................................36

简易执行实例 ....................................................................................................................................36

按键说明 ............................................................................................................................................38

一个例子练习 ....................................................................................................................................43

拓展阅读 ...........................................................................................................................................47

vim 的额外功能 .....................................................................................................................................48

区块选择(Visual Block).......................................................................................................................49

多文件编辑 ........................................................................................................................................51

多窗口功能 ........................................................................................................................................52

vim 环境设定与记录： ~/.vimrc, ~/.viminfo.....................................................................................54

vim 常用命令示意图 .........................................................................................................................56

vim 打开编辑和保存文件 .................................................................................................................56

其它 vim 使用注意事项 ........................................................................................................................57

中文编码的问题 ................................................................................................................................57

DOS 与 Linux 的断行字符 ..................................................................................................................58

语系编码转换 ....................................................................................................................................59

重点回顾 ................................................................................................................................................59

本章练习 ................................................................................................................................................60

参考数据与扩展阅读 ............................................................................................................................62

Linux Shell 使用手册

认识与学习 BASH ......................................................................................................................................62

认识 BASH 这个 Shell.............................................................................................................................62

硬件、核心与 Shell............................................................................................................................63

为何要学文字接口的 shell？............................................................................................................65

系统的合法 shell 与 /etc/shells 功能 ................................................................................................66

Bash shell 的功能 ...............................................................................................................................67

脚本结构 ............................................................................................................................................69

Bash shell 的内建命令： type ...........................................................................................................70

命令的发送 ........................................................................................................................................72

Shell 的变量功能 ...................................................................................................................................72

什么是变量？ ....................................................................................................................................72

变量的取用与配置：echo, 变量配置守则, unset............................................................................74

环境变量的功能 ................................................................................................................................79

影响显示结果的语系变量 (locale)....................................................................................................85

变量的有效范围 ................................................................................................................................87

变量键盘读取、数组与声明： read, array, declare ........................................................................87

与文件系统及程序的限制关系： ulimit ..........................................................................................90

变量内容的删除、替换与替换 ........................................................................................................91

命令和注释： ........................................................................................................................................97

命令别名与历史命令： ........................................................................................................................99

命令别名配置： alias, unalias...........................................................................................................99

历史命令：history ...........................................................................................................................100

Bash Shell 的操作环境：.....................................................................................................................103

路径与命令查找顺序 ......................................................................................................................103

bash 的进站与欢迎信息： /etc/issue, /etc/motd ..........................................................................104

bash 的环境配置文件......................................................................................................................105

终端机的环境配置： stty, set.........................................................................................................111

通配符与特殊符号 ..........................................................................................................................113

数据流重定向 ......................................................................................................................................115

什么是数据流重定向 ......................................................................................................................115

Linux Shell 使用手册

命令运行的判断根据： ; , &&, ||...................................................................................................120

管道符 (pipe)........................................................................................................................................123

获取命令： cut, grep.......................................................................................................................124

排序命令： sort, wc, uniq ...............................................................................................................126

双向重定向： tee ............................................................................................................................130

字符转换命令： tr, col, join, paste, expand....................................................................................130

分割命令： split ..............................................................................................................................135

参数代换： xargs.............................................................................................................................136

关于减号 - 的用途...........................................................................................................................137

Shell 命令中的特殊替换、模式匹配替换、字符串提取和替换 ......................................................137

重点回顾 ..............................................................................................................................................141

本章习题 ..............................................................................................................................................141

参考数据与扩展阅读 ..........................................................................................................................144

正规表达式与文件格式化处理 ..............................................................................................................145

前言：什么是正规表达式 ..................................................................................................................145

什么是正规表达式 ..........................................................................................................................145

正规表达式对于系统管理员的用途 ..............................................................................................146

正规表达式的广泛用途 ..................................................................................................................146

正规表达式与 Shell 在 Linux 当中的角色定位...............................................................................146

扩展的正规表达式 ..........................................................................................................................147

基础正规表达式 ..................................................................................................................................147

语系对正规表达式的影响 ..............................................................................................................147

grep 的一些进阶选项......................................................................................................................148

基础正规表达式练习 ......................................................................................................................149

基础正规表达式字符总结 (characters) ..........................................................................................158

sed 工具 ...........................................................................................................................................159

扩展正规表达式 ..................................................................................................................................164

文件的格式化与相关处理 ..................................................................................................................165

格式化打印： printf ........................................................................................................................165

awk：好用的数据处理工具............................................................................................................168

Linux Shell 使用手册

文件比对工具 ..................................................................................................................................171

文件打印准备： pr..........................................................................................................................174

重点回顾 ..............................................................................................................................................175

本章习题 ..............................................................................................................................................175

参考数据与扩展阅读 ..........................................................................................................................178

学习 Shell 脚本........................................................................................................................................179

什么是 Shell 脚本 ................................................................................................................................179

为什么学习 Shell 脚本 ....................................................................................................................179

第一段脚本的编写与运行 ..............................................................................................................181

编写 Shell 脚本的良好习惯创建.....................................................................................................183

简单的 Shell 脚本练习 ........................................................................................................................184

简单实例 ..........................................................................................................................................184

脚本的运行方式差异 (source, sh script, ./script)............................................................................187

使用判断表达式 ..................................................................................................................................188

利用 test 命令的测试功能...............................................................................................................188

利用判断符号 [ ]..............................................................................................................................191

Shell 脚本的默认变量($0, $1...) ......................................................................................................193

条件判断表达式 ..................................................................................................................................196

利用 if .... then..................................................................................................................................196

利用 case ..... esac 判断 ...................................................................................................................202

利用 function 功能...........................................................................................................................204

循环 (loop) ...........................................................................................................................................206

while do done, until do done (不定循环).........................................................................................207

for...do...done (固定循环)................................................................................................................209

for...do...done 的数值处理 ..............................................................................................................211

Shell 脚本的追踪与 debug ..................................................................................................................212

重点回顾 ..............................................................................................................................................214

本章习题 ..............................................................................................................................................214

参考数据与扩展阅读 ..........................................................................................................................216

常规工作计划 (crontab)..........................................................................................................................217

Linux Shell 使用手册

什么是常规工作计划 ..........................................................................................................................217

Linux 工作计划的种类： at, cron........................................................................................................217

Linux 上常见的常规工作.....................................................................................................................218

仅运行一次的工作计划 ......................................................................................................................219

atd 的启动与 at 运行的方式 ...............................................................................................................219

at 的运行方式..................................................................................................................................220

实际运行一个工作计划 ......................................................................................................................221

at 工作的管理..................................................................................................................................224

batch：系统有空时才进行后台任务 .............................................................................................225

循环运行的常规工作计划 ..................................................................................................................226

用户的配置 ..........................................................................................................................................226

系统的配置文件： /etc/crontab.........................................................................................................229

一些注意事项 ......................................................................................................................................232

资源分配不均的问题 ......................................................................................................................232

取消不要的输出选项 ......................................................................................................................232

安全的检验 ......................................................................................................................................233

周与日月不可同时并存 ..................................................................................................................233

可唤醒停机期间的工作任务 ..............................................................................................................233

同步计算机的时间 ..............................................................................................................................233

什么是 anacron ....................................................................................................................................234

anacron 与 /etc/anacrontab.................................................................................................................234

重点回顾 ..............................................................................................................................................236

本章习题 ..............................................................................................................................................237

Linux 的文件权限与目录配置 ................................................................................................................239

用户与用户组 ......................................................................................................................................239

su root 和 su - root 的区别 ..............................................................................................................242

初始化 root 用户密码设置 .............................................................................................................242

强制活动用户退出 ..........................................................................................................................243

最近登录信息列表 ..........................................................................................................................243

添加用户并配置 sudo 权限 ............................................................................................................243