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精通Puppet配置管理工具(Pro Puppet )
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高清英文PDF版。 《精通puppet配置管理工具》系统介绍了开源配置管理工具puppet,并提供了帮助使用puppet 的大量资源。书中讲述了如何创建puppet recipe、扩展puppet 并使用facter 整合来自服务器的配置数据,同时讲述了如何使用puppet 管理postfix、apache 和mysql 服务器,以及如何加载平衡puppet master。
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The eXPeRT’s VOIce
®
In OPen sOuRce
Pro
Puppet
James Turnbull and Jeffrey McCune
Maximize and customize Puppet’s
capabilities for your environment
Turnbull
McCune
Puppet
Companion
eBook
Available
Pro
BOOks fOR PROfessIOnals By PROfessIOnals
®
Pro Puppet
Learn how to automate your system administration tasks across an entire
network with Pro Puppet. This book holds all the knowledge, insider tips and
techniques you need to install, use, and develop with Puppet, the popular con-
figuration management tool.
It shows you how to create Puppet recipes, extend Puppet, and use Facter to
gather configuration data from your servers. You’ll discover how to use Puppet
to manage Postfix, Apache and MySQL servers, as well as how to load-balance
your Puppet Masters.
What you’ll learn:
• Insider tricks and techniques to better manage your infrastructure
• How to scale Puppet to suit small, medium and large organizations
• How to integrate Puppet with other tools like Cucumber, Nagios and
OpenLDAP
• How advanced Puppet techniques can make managing your
environment easier
Pro Puppet will teach you how to extend Puppet’s capabilities to suit your envi-
ronment. Whether you have a small network or a large corporate IT infrastruc-
ture, this book will enable you to use Puppet to immediately start automating
tasks and create reporting solutions. Become a Puppet expert now!
James Turnbull, Author of
Pulling Strings with Puppet:
Configuration Management
Made Easy
Pro Linux System
Administration
Pro Nagios 2.0
Jeff McCune
Shelve in:
System Administration
User level:
Intermediate–Advanced
www.apress.com
SOURCE CODE ONLINE
Companion eBook
RELATED TITLES
For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front
matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks
and Contents at a Glance links to access them.
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
iv
Contents at a Glance
About the Authors................................................................................................xiii
About the Technical Reviewer ............................................................................. xiv
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ xv
Introduction ......................................................................................................... xvi
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Puppet..................................................................1
Chapter 2: Building Hosts with Puppet.................................................................29
Chapter 3: Working with Environments................................................................65
Chapter 4: Puppet Scalability ...............................................................................89
Chapter 5: Externalizing Puppet Configuration...................................................119
Chapter 6: Exporting and Storing Configuration.................................................133
Chapter 7: Puppet Consoles: Puppet Dashboard and The Foreman....................159
Chapter 8: Tools and Integration ........................................................................189
Chapter 9: Reporting with Puppet ......................................................................231
Chapter 10: Extending Facter and Puppet ..........................................................241
Chapter 11: Marionette Collective ......................................................................265
Appendix A: Working with Puppet ......................................................................289
Index ...................................................................................................................293
INTRODUCTION
xvi
Introduction
“ssh in a for loop is not a solution” – Luke Kanies, Puppet developer
The lives of system administrators and operations staff often revolve around a series of repetitive tasks:
configuring hosts, creating users, and managing applications, daemons, and services. Often these tasks
are repeated many times in the life cycle of one host, from building to decommissioning, and as new
configuration is added or corrected for error or entropy.
The usual response to these repetitive tasks is to try to automate them with scripts and tools. This
leads to the development of custom-built scripts and applications. In my first role as a systems
administrator, I remember creating a collection of Control Language (CL) and Rexx scripts that I
subsequently used to manage and operate a variety of infrastructure. The scripts were complex, poorly
documented and completely customized to my environment.
My experience is not unique, and this sort of development is a common response to the desire to
make life easier, automate boring, manual tasks and give you a few more minutes in the day for the more
interesting projects and tasks (or to get to the pub earlier).
Very few of the scripts developed in this ad hoc manner are ever published, documented, or reused.
Indeed, copyright for most custom material rests with the operator or system administrator’s
organization and is usually left behind when they move on. This leads to the same tool being developed
over and over again. Sometimes they are even developed over and over again in the same company if
previous incarnations don’t suit a new incumbent (or occasionally, if they are indecipherable to a new
incumbent!).
These custom scripts and applications rarely scale to suit large environments, and they often have
issues of stability, flexibility, and functionality. In multi-platform environments, such scripts also tend to
suit only one target platform, resulting in situations such as the need to create a user creation script for
BSD, another one for Linux, and still another for Solaris. This increases the time and effort required to
develop and maintain the very tools you are hoping to use to reduce administrative efforts.
Other approaches include the purchase of operations and configuration management tools like
HP’s Opsware, BMC’s CONTROL-M, IBM’s Tivoli suite, and CA’s Unicenter products. But commercial
tools generally suffer from two key issues: price and flexibility. Price, especially, can quickly become an
issue: The more platforms and hosts that you are managing, the greater the price. In large
environments, licensing for such tools can run to millions of dollars.
Flexibility is also a key concern. Commercial tools are usually closed source and are limited to the
features available to them, meaning that if you want to extend them to do something custom or specific
to your environment, you need to request a new feature, potentially with a waiting period and associated
cost. Given the huge varieties of deployments, platforms, configurations and applications in
organizations, it is rare to discover any tool that provides the ability to completely customize to suit your
environment.
There is an alternative to both in-house development and commercial products: Free and Open
Source Software (FOSS). Free and open source configuration management tools offer two key benefits
for organizations:
INTRODUCTION
xvii
• They are open and extensible.
• They are free!
With FOSS products, the tool’s source code is at your fingertips, allowing you to develop your own
enhancements or adjustments. You don’t need to wait for the vendor to implement the required
functionality or pay for new features or changes. You are also part of a community of users and
developers who share a vision for the development of the tool. You and your organization can in turn
contribute to that vision. In combination, you can shape the direction of the tools you are using, giving
you a more flexible outcome for your organization.
The price tag is another important consideration for acquisition of any tool. With free and open
source software, it isn’t an issue. You don’t pay anything for the software, and you get the source code
with it.
Of course, we all know there is no such thing as a free lunch, so what’s the catch? Well unlike
commercial software, open source software doesn’t come with any guaranteed support. This is not to
say there is no support available: Many open source tools have large and active communities where
members answer questions and provide assistance via mechanisms like email lists, forums, Wikis and
IRC.
Note Many open source tools, including Puppet, also have organizations that provide commercial editions or
support for these tools. For full disclosure, both the author James Turnbull and co-author Jeff McCune work at
Puppet Labs, the organization that supports the development of Puppet.
Puppet (http://www.puppetlabs.com/puppet) is a reaction to these gaps in the tools available to
SysAdmins, Operators and Developers. It is designed to make their lives easier by making infrastructure
easy, simple and cheap to manage. This book will introduce you to Puppet, an open source
configuration management tool, and take you through installation, configuration and integration of
Puppet into your environment.
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