基于单片机的静止无功补偿装置TSC的投切控制器设计.pdf

摘 要

随着科技的快速发展，大型的冲击性负荷在生产生活中得到广泛应用，由于这些

负荷大多呈现感性，引起电网电压的波动、闪变等严重影响电能质量的问题，针对这

种情况，我们决定采用无功补偿来解决这一系列问题。实际上，无功补偿在 20 世纪 20

年代已经出现，至今已经发现多种补偿方式。但是从经济、技术层面考虑，晶闸管投

切电容器（TSC）无功补偿装置无疑是最具性价比的补偿方式，因此本文的主要目的

是设计一种基于单片机的静止无功补偿装置 TSC 的投切控制器，为系统提供充足的无

功功率。

本文首先对无功补偿的基本原理以及控制策略进行阐述，然后对无功补偿样机装

最后，对此次设计方案和实际补偿效果进行比较与总结，为无功补偿技术的进一

步发展打下基础。

关键词：TSC；无功补偿；功率因数；电能质量；上位机

Abstract

With the rapid development of science and technology, large impact loads are widely used

in industry and life, because these loads are mostly presenting perceptual, which have lots of

negative effect on power quality problems, such as voltage fluctuation and flicker of power

grid. We decided to use the reactive power compensation to solve the problems in this case. In

fact, the reactive power compensation has appeared in the twenties of the 20th century, we have

found numerous ways of compensation now. But taking the economical and the technical

factors into consideration, the Thyristor-Switched Capacitor (TSC) is the most cost-effective

simple the data processing and storage, measurement of voltage and current, reactive power

compensation and automatic switching on or off control. Software design obey the principle of

modular design by the C language programming , to ensure that the system has a stable software

control system; Hardware realizes the communication function with computer based on

Kingview. When the power factor is lower than the normal value, system realize TSC reactive

power compensation by main controller, to remain power factor in the normal range, which is

helpful for getting reliable electrical energy.

Finally, comparing the design scheme with the actual compensation effect, and making

some summaries about the design to lay the foundation for the further development of reactive

power compensation technology.

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................II

1 绪论 .............................................................................................................1

1.1 无功补偿的背景与意义 ...............................................................................................1

1.2 无功补偿技术的发展 ...................................................................................................1

1.3 国内外无功补偿发展现状 ...........................................................................................3

1.4 论文主要内容 ...............................................................................................................4

2 TSC 无功补偿原理 .....................................................................................5

2.1 无功补偿的基本概述 ...................................................................................................5

2.1.1 功率简介 ...................................................................................................................5

2.1.2 功率因数 ...................................................................................................................6

2.5.3 电容器分组 .............................................................................................................12

2.5.4 电容器投切 .............................................................................................................12

2.6 无功补偿控制策略 .....................................................................................................13

2.7 电容保护 .....................................................................................................................14

3 系统硬件设计 ...........................................................................................17

3.1 控制原理及硬件总体结构设计 .................................................................................17

3.2 主控制电路设计 .........................................................................................................17

3.2.1 主控芯片介绍 .........................................................................................................17

3.2.2 电源设计 .................................................................................................................19

3.2.3 时钟电路设计 .........................................................................................................20

3.5.3 报警电路 .................................................................................................................23

3.6 通讯 .............................................................................................................................24

3.7 硬件电路的抗干扰设计 .............................................................................................24

4 系统软件设计 ...........................................................................................26

4.1 主程序设计 .................................................................................................................26

4.2 子程序 .........................................................................................................................27

4.2.1 测量电路子程序 .....................................................................................................27

4.2.2 液晶显示子程序 .....................................................................................................27

5 实验结果分析 ...........................................................................................28

5.1 实验结果 .....................................................................................................................28

附录三 三相无功补偿系统电气接线图 .......................................................34

附录四 样机程序 ...........................................................................................35