基于单片机的自动调温风扇系统设计.doc

摘 要

在现代化的工业生产中电流、电压、温度、压力、流量、流速和开关量都

是常用的主要被控参数。温度作为一个基本物理量，它是一个与人们的生活环

境、生产活动密切相关的重要物理量。在现代化的工业生产过程中温度作为一

种常用的主要被控参数，在很多生产过程中我们需要对温度参数进行检测。例

如：在冶金工业、化工生产、电力工程、造纸行业、机械制造和食品加工等诸

多领域中，人们都需要对各类加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉和锅炉中的温度进行

检测。采用单片机来对温度进行控制，不仅具有控制方便、组态简单和灵活性

大等优点，而且可以大幅度提高被控温度的技术指标，从而能够大大提高产品

的比较实现风扇电机的自动启动和停止，并能根温度的变化自动改变风扇电机

的转速，同时用 LED 八段数码管显示检测到的温度与设定的温度。

关键词: 单片机 DS18B20 自动调温 风扇

ABSTRACT

Current, voltage, temperature, pressure, flow, flow rate, and switch are

commonly used in modern industrial production is mainly controlled parameter.

Temperature as a fundamental physical quantity, it is a people's living environment,

and production activities are closely related to important physical quantities.

Commonly used as a main parameter to be controlled, the temperature in the modern

industrial production processes and in many production processes, we need detects

temperature was charged with the technical specifications, which can greatly

improve the quality and quantity of the products. The use of single-chip system as a

platform, the input of the indoor temperature, compare comfortable temperature and

body temperature after the action of the fan, so as to determine the rotational speed

of the fan, in order to form an economic thermostat smart fan cooling system.

This article is designed based on the thermostat fan of the single-chip system,

using SCM as the controller, the use of temperature sensor DS18B20 as the

temperature acquisition components, and according to the collected temperature, by a

Darlington reverse drive ULN2803 drive fan motor. According to the set temperature

detected by the temperature and the system to achieve automatic start and stop of the

目 录

摘 要 ...........................................................................................................................I

1 基于单片机的自动调温风扇系统设计 ..................................................................2

1.1 自动调温风扇的研究意义............................................................................2

1.2 系统整体设计思路........................................................................................2

2 方案选择及论证 ......................................................................................................4

2.1 温度传感器的选择.........................................................................................4

2.2 控制核心的选择............................................................................................4

2.3 温度显示器件的选择.....................................................................................5

2.4 调速方式的选择.............................................................................................5

3 各单元模块的硬件设计 ..........................................................................................7

3.1 系统器件简介.................................................................................................7

3.2.4 温度采集电路 .......................................................................................13

3.2.5 系统复位和按键部分电路......................................................................14

3.2.6 风扇部分控制电路的设计......................................................................15

3.2.7 蜂鸣器电路...........................................................................................16

4 系统软件的设计 ....................................................................................................17

4.1 系统软件功能描述.......................................................................................17

4.2 系统部分模块流程图....................................................................................18

4.2.1 主程序流程图 .......................................................................................18

4.2.2 按键扫描子程序流程图 .........................................................................19

4.2.3 设置上下限温度值程序流程图...............................................................20

5.2 硬件电路调试...............................................................................................28

5.2.1 按键显示部分的调试.............................................................................28

5.2.2 传感器 DS18B20 温度采集调试...............................................................29

5.3 系统功能.......................................................................................................29

总 结 ..........................................................................................................................31

致 谢 ..........................................................................................................................33

参考文献 ....................................................................................................................34

附录 1：电路总图 .....................................................................................................35

附录 2：PCB 图 ..........................................................................................................36

附录 3：实作使用说明 .............................................................................................37

大风量，使人感到清凉；到了晚上，气温降低，当人入睡后，应该逐步减小转

速，以免使人感冒。虽然电风扇都有调节不同档位的功能，但必须要人手动换

档，睡着了就无能为力了，而普遍采用的定时器关闭的做法，一方面是定时时

间长短有限制，一般是一两个小时；另一方面可能在一两个小时后气温依旧没

有降低很多，而风扇就关闭了，使人在睡梦中热醒而不得不起床重新打开风扇，

增加定时器时间，非常麻烦，而且可能多次定时后最后一次定时时间太长，在

温度降低以后风扇依旧继续吹风，使人感冒；第三方面是只有简单的到了定时

时间就关闭风扇电源的单一功能，不能满足气温变化对风扇风速大小的不同要

求。又比如在较大功率的电子产品散热方面，现在绝大多数都采用了风冷系统，

利用风扇引起空气流动，带走热量，使电子产品不至于发热烧坏。要使电子产