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【基于单片机的温度控制系统】是利用微控制器技术实现的一种智能温度监控和调节装置。本文将探讨基于AT89C51单片机的温度控制系统的原理、功能及其在实际应用中的价值。 AT89C51是一款广泛应用的8位微控制器，具有丰富的I/O端口和内置Flash存储器，适用于各种控制系统的开发。在这个系统中，AT89C51作为核心处理器，负责处理温度数据采集、控制决策和用户界面交互。系统中的【温度测量单元】采用了DS18B20这款1-Wire总线数字温度传感器。DS18B20具有高精度、低功耗的特点，能够直接输出数字信号，无需额外的模数转换器。1-Wire总线允许通过单根线路进行数据传输，简化了硬件设计，降低了系统复杂性。系统的主要功能包括： 1. **预设温度检测**：用户可以设定温度范围，系统能够实时监测环境温度并与预设值进行比较。 2. **时间显示**：系统配备LCD显示屏，能够显示当前时间，便于用户了解监控状态。 3. **数据记录与保存**：系统能存储温度监控数据，便于后期分析或故障排查。 4. **报警功能**：当温度超出设定的上限或下限时，系统会触发报警，提醒用户采取措施。 5. **自动控制**：根据温度变化，系统自动调节，保持温度在设定范围内稳定，实现智能控制。该系统的设计灵活性强，基于其工作原理，只需合理修改软件设计，就可以应用于其他非线性控制系统的开发，如湿度控制、压力控制等。通过现场实践，系统表现出良好的准确性和可靠性，具有高抗干扰能力、高控制精度，并适应恶劣的工作环境。在日常生活、工业生产、酒店管理以及家庭自动化等领域都有广泛的应用前景，有助于提高人们的生活质量和工作效率。关键词：AT89C51；微控制器；DS18B20；温度总结来说，基于AT89C51单片机的温度控制系统利用先进的微控制器技术和精确的DS18B20温度传感器，实现了智能化的温度监控和控制，不仅在工业领域有重要应用，在日常生活中的普及也将提升整体社会的服务水平。

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外文原文：

Design of the Temperature Control System Based on AT89C51

ABSTRACT

The principle and functions of the temperature control system based on micro contro

ller AT89C51 are studied, and the temperature measurement unit consists of the 1-Wir

e bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20. The system can be expected to detect the p

reset temperature, display time and save monitoring data. An alarm will be given by s

ystem if the temperature exceeds the upper and lower limit value of the temperature w

hich can be set discretionarily and then automatic control is achieved, thus the temper

ature is achieved monitoring intelligently within a certain range. Basing on principle o

f the system, it is easy to make a variety of other non-linear control systems so long as

the software design is reasonably changed. The system has been proved to be accurat

e, reliable and satisfied through field practice.

KEYWORDS: AT89C51; micro controller; DS18B20; temperature 1 IN

TRODUCTION

Temperature is a very important parameter in human life. In the modern society, tem

perature control (TC) is not only used in industrial production, but also widely used in

other fields. With the improvement of the life quality, we can find the TC appliance i

n hotels, factories and home as well. And the trend that TC will better serve the whole

society, so it is of great significance to measure and control the temperature. Based o

n the AT89C51 and temperature sensor DS18B20, this system controls the condition t

emperature intelligently. The temperature can be set discretionarily within a certain ra

nge. The system can show the time on LCD, and save monitoring data; and automatic

ally control the temperature when the condition temperature exceeds the upper and lo

wer limit value. By doing so it is to keep the temperature unchanged. The system is of

high anti-jamming, high control precision and flexible design; it also fits the rugged e

nvironment. It is mainly used in people's life to improve the quality of the work and li

fe. It is also versatile, so that it can be convenient to extend the use of the system. So t

he design is of profound importance. The general design, hardware design and softwar

e design of the system are covered.

1.1 Introduction

The 8-bit AT89C51 CHMOS microcontrollers are designed to handle high-speed calc

ulations and fast input/output operations. MCS 51 microcontrollers are typically used

for high-speed event control systems. Commercial applications include modems, mot

or-control systems, printers, photocopiers, air conditioner control systems, disk drives,

and medical instruments. The automotive industry use MCS 51 microcontrollers in e

ngine-control systems, airbags, suspension systems, and antilock braking systems (AB

S). The AT89C51 is especially well suited to applications that benefit from its processi

ng speed and enhanced on-chip peripheral functions set, such as automotive power-tra

in control, vehicle dynamic suspension, antilock braking, and stability control applicat

ions. Because of these critical applications, the market requires a reliable cost-effectiv

e controller with a low interrupt latency response, ability to service the high number o

f time and event driven integrated peripherals needed in real time applications, and a

CPU with above average processing power in a single package. The financial and lega

l risk of having devices that operate unpredictably is very high. Once in the market, pa

rticularly in mission critical applications such as an autopilot or anti-lock braking syst

em, mistakes are financially prohibitive. Redesign costs can run as high as a $500K,

much more if the fix means 2 back annotating it across a product family that share the

same core and/or peripheral design flaw. In addition, field replacements of componen

ts is extremely expensive, as the devices are typically sealed in modules with a total v

alue several times that of the component. To mitigate these problems, it is essential th

at comprehensive testing of the controllers be carried out at both the component level

and system level under worst case environmental and voltage conditions. This comple

te and thorough validation necessitates not only a well-defined process but also a prop

er environment and tools to facilitate and execute the mission successfully. Intel Chan

dler Platform Engineering group provides post silicon system validation (SV) of vario

us micro-controllers and processors. The system validation process can be broken into

three major parts. The type of the device and its application requirements determine

which types of testing are performed on the device.

1.2 The AT89C51 provides the following standard features

4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bittimer/counters, a five ve

ctor two-level interrupt architecture, a full duple ser-ial port, on-chip oscillator and cl

ock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation dow

n to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idl

e Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interr

upt sys -tem to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode savesthe RAM contents

but freezes the oscil–lator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware re

set.

1.3Pin Description

VCC Supply voltage.

GND Ground.

Port 0 ：

Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can si

nk eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high i

mpedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low order addre

ss/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has

internal pull ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and

outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull ups are required duri

ng program verification.

Port 1 ：

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 output buffe

rs can sink/so -urce four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulle

d high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that ar

e externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.

Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verific

ation.

Port 2 ：

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 2 output buffe

rs can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled

high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are

externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups.

Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memor

y and during accesses to Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source cu

rrent (IIL) because of the internal pull ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte du

ring fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data mem

ory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX@DPTR). In this application, it uses strong inter

nal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit

addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Regist

er. Port 2 also receives the high-order

address bits and some control signals durin Flash programming and verification.

Port 3 ：

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 3 output buffe

rs can sink/sou -rce four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulle

d high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that ar

e externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull ups.

Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed be

low:

RST ：

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running r

esets the device.

ALE/PROG ：

Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during acc

esses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Fla

sh programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscil

lator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, how

ever, that one ALE pulse is skipped duri-ng each access to external Data Memory. If d

esired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the

bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin i

s weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller i

s in external execution mode.

PSEN ：

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When theAT89

C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each

machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to ex

ternal data memory.

EA/VPP ：

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to

fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.

Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset

. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin alsreceives

the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts t

hat require 12-volt VPP.

XTAL1 ：

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circ

uit.

XTAL2 ：

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. Oscillator CharacteristicsXTAL1 and X

TAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be co

nfigured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown

in Figure 1. Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the dev

ice from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is

driven as shown in Figure 2.There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the extern

al clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by

-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications

must be observed. Idle Mode In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the o

n chip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by software. The content of the

on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mo

de. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset. I

t should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normall

y resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before

the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal

RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibi

lity of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instructi

on following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to

external memory.

Power-down Mode

In the power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the instruction that invokes po

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