摘 要
图像边缘是图像最基本的一种特征，边缘在图像的分析中起着重要的作用。边缘作为
图像的一种基本特征，在图像识别,图像分割,图像增强以及图像压缩等的领域中有较为广
泛的应用。图像边缘提取的手段多种多样，其中基于亮度的算法，是研究时间最久，理论
发展最成熟的方法，它主要是通过一些差分算子，由图像的亮度计算其梯度的变化，从而
检测出边缘，主要有Robert, Prewitt, Sobel, Laplacian Canny, Log 等算子。
首先从总体上介绍了数字图像边缘检测及边缘提取的概况，列举了几种目前常用的边
缘提取技术和算法,并选取其中两种使用MatLab语言编程实现，通过对两种算法所提取图
像结果的比较，研究探讨它们的优缺点。
关键词 图像边缘检测 边缘提取 MatLab 算法
Abstract
The image edge is the image most basic one kind of characteristic, the edge is playing the
vital role in the image analysis. As a basic characteristic of the image, the edge is widely used in
the recognition, segmentation, intensification and compress of the image. There are many kinds
o f w a y s t o e x t r a c t t h e e d g e , t h e f i r s t m e t h o d , w h i c h i s g o t t h e l o n g e s t r e s e a r c h ,
g e t t h e e d g e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e v a r i e t y o f t h e p i x e l g r a y . T h e m a i n t e c h n i q u e s a r e R o b e r t ,
Laplacian, Sobel, Canny and LOG algorithm.
The paper introduced the general situation of image processing and edge extraction first,
then enumerate several technologies and algorithms common used presently, and chose two of
them program to be true by MatLab. Finally, discuss their advantages or defects by means of
comparing the results of images extracted by the two algorithms.
Key words Image processing Edge extraction MatLab algorithm
