设计模式是软件工程中的一种最佳实践,用于解决在软件开发过程中常见的问题,提供了一套可重用的解决方案。本资源“23种设计模式的java实现.rar”包含了23个经典设计模式的Java语言实现,这23种设计模式按照其主要作用可以分为三类:创建型、结构型和行为型。 1. 创建型设计模式: 这类模式主要关注对象的创建过程,降低了系统与对象创建方式之间的耦合度。 - 单例模式:保证一个类只有一个实例,并提供全局访问点。 - 工厂方法模式:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。 - 抽象工厂模式:提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口,而无需指定它们的具体类。 - 建造者模式:将复杂对象的构建与其表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。 - 原型模式:通过复制已有对象来创建新对象。 2. 结构型设计模式: 这类模式关注如何组织类和对象以形成更大的结构。 - 适配器模式:使两个接口不兼容的类能够协同工作。 - 桥接模式:将抽象部分与实现部分分离,使它们可以独立变化。 - 组合模式:允许你将对象组合成树形结构来表现“整体-部分”关系。 - 外观模式:提供一个统一的接口,用来访问子系统中的一组接口。 - 代理模式:为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问。 - 装饰模式:动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。 -享元模式:运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。 3. 行为型设计模式: 这类模式主要关注对象之间的责任分配和交互。 - 责任链模式:将请求封装为对象,通过链式调用,让多个对象都有机会处理这个请求。 - 命令模式:将请求封装为一个对象,以便使用不同的请求、队列或者日志请求,也可以支持可撤销的操作。 - 解释器模式:提供一个语言的文法表示,并定义了一个解释器来解释该文法中的句子。 - 迭代器模式:提供一种方法顺序访问聚合对象的元素,而又不暴露其底层表示。 - 中介者模式:定义一个中介对象来简化原本复杂的对象间交互。 - 备忘录模式:在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态,以便以后恢复对象的状态。 - 观察者模式:定义了对象之间的一对多依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都会得到通知并被自动更新。 - 状态模式:允许对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为,对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。 - 模板方法模式:定义一个操作中的算法骨架,而将一些步骤延迟到子类中,使得子类可以不改变一个算法的结构即可重定义该算法的某些特定步骤。 - 访问者模式:表示一个作用于某对象结构中的各元素的操作,它可以在不改变各元素的类的前提下定义作用于这些元素的新操作。 通过学习和理解这些设计模式,开发者可以提高代码的可读性、可维护性和可复用性,提升软件的设计质量。在实际项目中灵活运用设计模式,有助于构建出更稳定、可扩展的系统。
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