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【船级社】 KR Guidance for Autonomous Ships.pdf
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【船级社】 KR Guidance for Autonomous Ships.pdf
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2020
Guidance for
Autonomous Ships
GC-28-E
KR
- i -
APPLICATION OF "GUIDANCE FOR AUTONOMOUS SHIPS"
1. Unless expressly specified otherwise, the requirements in the Guidance apply to
autonomous ships for which contracts for construction are signed or for which the
application for Classification Survey is submitted to the Society on or after 1 July 2020.
2. The amendments to the Guidance for 2019 edition and their effective date are as fol-
lows;
Effective Date : 1 January 2020
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Section 1 General
- 107. has been amended.
Effective Date : 1 July 2020
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Section 1 General
- 103. 7 has been newly added.
CHAPTER 3 RISK-BASED APPROVAL
Section 2 Considerations when approving risk-based design
- 201. has been amended.
- 202. 3, 4 and 5 have been newly added and amended.
Section 3 Measures to reduce risk
- 301. 3, 4 and 5 have been newly added and amended.
- iii -
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL ··········································································································· 1
Section 1 General ············································································································ 1
Section 2 Operation Plan ······························································································· 4
Section 3 Cyber security ································································································ 5
CHAPTER 2 AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS AND AUTONOMOUS SHIPS ························· 7
Section 1 Configuration and Function of Autonomous Systems ··························· 7
Section 2 Requirements for Autonomous Systems and Autonomous Ships ··· 14
Section 3 Approval procedure of autonomous ships ············································· 19
CHAPTER 3 RISK-BASED APPROVAL ··········································································· 23
Section 1 General ·········································································································· 23
Section 2 Considerations when approving risk-based design ····························· 24
Section 3 Measures to reduce risk ··········································································· 27
Ch 1 General Ch 1
Guidance for Autonomous Ships 2020
1
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Section 1 General
101. Background
1.
Due to the development of various digital technologies and automation technologies, research and
development on autonomous navigation technology that can recognize the surrounding situation and
autonomously operate, logic system to make decisions, integrated sensor system, data communica-
tion function etc. are being conducted all over the world.
2.
Considering the current status of the maritime industry and related information and communication
technology development, autonomous operation can improve the safety and reliability of the maritime
industry and enable efficient and economical operation of the ship.
3.
While the maritime industry is becoming increasingly digitalized and automated due to development
of information and communication technologies, the need to prevent or mitigate risks is also being
identified by identifying new hazards as a result in advance.
102. Purpose
1.
The purpose of this guidance is to ensure the safety and reliability of autonomous ships or systems
and functions necessary for autonomous operation through risk assessment.
103. Application
1.
This guidance provides key recommendations on the design or operation of systems that can be
used to enhance ship autonomy at sea.
2.
This guidance apply to autonomous ships on the surface of the water, not unmanned underwater
vehicle.
3.
The configuration of the autonomous system presented in this guidance can be changed according
to the purpose of operation.
4.
In applying this guidance, it is based on the satisfaction of all international conventions, national laws
and domestic law of ports applicable to the ship, regardless of autonomous level.
5.
Items not specified in this Guidance are to be in accordance with each relevant requirement of
Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships.
6.
Autonomous
ships applying this guidance shall be certified for cybersecurity in accordance with the
Guidance for Maritime Cyber security System
and risk assessment shall be carried out in accordance
with the
Guidance for Approval of Risk-based Ship Design
.
7.
Equipment and systems that are additionally installed for the operation of autonomous ships shall be
subject to cybersecurity type approval in accordance with the Guidance for Type Approval of
Maritime Cyber Security and type approval in accordance with Ch 3, Sec 23 of the Guidance for
Approval of Manufacturing Process and Type Approval, etc.
(2020)
8.
Items not included in this Guidance may comply with ISO, IEC, KS or equivalent recognized stand-
ards by the appropriate consideration of the Society.
104. Definitions
The definitions of terms are to follow Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships, unless otherwise
specified in this Guidance.
1.
"Autonomous Ships" means ships that supports decision-making through the system and can be
substituted by the system in whole or in part for the control and management of the ship.
2.
"Operator" means a
person engaged in the control and management of ships onboard or offshore.
3.
"Data Acquisition and Analysis systems" means a system for recognizing the external conditions of
Ch 1 General Ch 1
2 Guidance for Autonomous Ships 2020
ships related to marine objects/ships and marine environment and the internal conditions related to
ship operation/movement.
4.
"Autonomous Navigation Systems" means
a system that establishes a route plan and a steering plan for
economical navigation and prevention of collision/grounding considering the internal and external conditions
and controls the propulsion device and steering device of the ship in accordance with the established route
plan and steering plan.
5.
"Communication Systems" means
systems involved in communication between information objects.
6.
"Outboard Support Systems" means a system that monitors and controls the operational information
of an autonomous ship.
7.
"Cyber security" means activities or process, capability, etc. to assure confidentiality, integrity and
applicability of the organization’s assets and information contained in the assets.
8.
"Confidentiality" means the property that information is not disclosed to system entities (users, proc-
esses, devices) unless they have been authorized to access the information.
9.
"Integrity" means the property whereby an entity has not been modified in an unauthorized manner.
10.
"Availability" means the property of being accessible and useable upon demand by an authorized
entity.
105. Level of autonomy
1.
The autonomy level can be classified according to the subjects performing the following functions.
Table 1 shows the autonomy level of each function.
(1) Data acquisition/analysis
(2) Decision-making
(3) Action
2.
Each autonomy level can be defined as follows:
(1) AL 1: Data acquisition/analysis can be performed by the operator and the system, but deci-
sion-making and action based on the collected information are performed by the operator.
(2) AL 2: Data is collected/analyzed by the system and decision-making and action are performed by
the operator. The system supports operator’s decision-making.
(3) AL 3: Data acquisition/analysis, decision-making and action are performed by the system.
However, the operator's confirmation of the decision-making by the system is required,
and if the operator confirmation is not preceded, the decision-making is withdrawn.
Operator’s response is required when system failure occurs.
(4) AL 4: Data acquisition/analysis, decision-making and action are performed by the system. The
operator always monitors the information about the decision-making and action by the
system. System responses to abnormal operating scenarios (system failures, etc.) are
possible.
Level of autonomy
Data acquisition/analysis
Decision-making
Action
AL 1
System / Operator
Operator
Operator
AL 2
System
(1)
Operator(System)
(1)
Operator
AL 3
System
System(Operator)
(2)
System
AL 4
System
System
(3)
System
(3)
AL 5
System
System
System
(Notes)
(1) The system supports decision-making.
(2) Operator confirmation of decision-making is required.
(3) Operators are constantly monitored for decision-making and action.
Table 1 Level of autonomy
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