【考研英语长难句解析】
在考研英语复习中，理解和剖析长难句是提升阅读能力的关键环节。通过分析20个具有代表性的长难句，我们可以深入理解考研英语阅读中的复杂句式，这对于提高解题准确性和阅读速度至关重要。
1. 句子解析：
这个例子展示了一个非限定性定语从句的复杂结构，主句是"Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class"，其中"manipulation of capital and industry"是主语的补充，"shareholders as a class"是宾语的补充。定语从句"an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business"进一步解释了"shareholders as a class"。翻译时，为了清晰易懂，可以把长句拆分成两句，分别解释股东阶层的增加和其特征。
2. 句子解析：
此句包含两个并列的定语从句，"who had retired on their incomes"和"who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management"。"that of drawing dividends"和"attending…meeting"都是名词性短语，用来修饰前文的关系代词"who"。翻译时，可以将这些信息拆分成独立的句子，以便更好地传达句子的含义。
3. 句子解析：
Robert Fulton的引言中，"The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc."是一个独立的句子，后接的"like a poet among the letters of the alphabet"是比喻，"considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts"是现在分词短语作伴随状语，"in which a new art might be composed"是定语从句，修饰"exhibition"。这样的句子结构需要我们准确把握句子成分，理解其隐含的比喻意义。
通过以上三个例子，我们可以看出，考研英语长难句通常包含复杂的句子结构，如非限定性定语从句、并列从句、名词性短语以及省略引导词的定语从句等。掌握这些结构，不仅能帮助我们理解文章，还能提升我们的表达能力。在备考过程中，考生应多做此类句子的解析练习，逐步熟悉并能熟练运用这些语法结构，从而在实际考试中应对自如。
