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大学生海外留学文书写作话语分析及优化——以申请TESOL专业为例.doc
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大学生海外留学文书写作话语分析及优化——以申请TESOL专业为例.doc
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I
大学生海外留学文书写作话语分析及优化
——以申请 TESOL 专业为例
摘 要
本文试图以 TESOL 为例,从 PS 文书结构,中西方文化差异,以及 TESOL 专业中的
批判性思维来对申请文书的撰写进行研究。本文先是通过背景调查发现目前留学读硕处于
上升趋势,而大部分申请者因为文化差异和专业知识匮乏存在不少问题。为了解决这一问
题,本文首先罗列了文献中其他作者对这一现象的研究,其中包括介绍 PS 的三个要点:
字数限制,文章框架结构,以及几点原则;从宏观和微观的角度分析个人陈述的体裁;从
批判性思维入手分析个人陈述中应体现的思辨能力。接着,收集了中外学生的个人陈述并
做了对比,从宏观和微观两个方面,研究和分析了个人陈述撰写的语步和语言特征;并通
过访问对正处于 TESOL 专业学习的学生的思辨能力进行了分析和研究。最后,总结了研
究结果,提出了对大学生海外留学文书写作话语的优化有帮助的建议。本文旨在借此探索,
为今后的申请文书写作提供借鉴和参考。希望中国学生能够用地道且优美的英语表现自我,
从而实现留学梦。
关键词:申请文书;文本类型理论;写作建议
II
Abstract
This paper attempts to take TESOL as an example to study the writing of application
documents from the perspective of PS document structure, cultural differences between China
and the west, and critical thinking in TESOL. Based on the background investigation, this paper
finds that currently, the number of overseas master's degree programs is on the rise, and most of
the applicants have many problems due to cultural differences and lack of professional
knowledge. In order to solve this problem, this paper firstly lists the research on this
phenomenon by other authors in the literature, including three important points about PS: word
limit, article frame structure, and some principles; Analyze the genre of personal statement from
macro and micro perspectives; Analyze the critical thinking ability in personal statement from
critical thinking. Then, this paper collects the personal statements of Chinese and foreign
students and makes a comparison. From the macro and micro aspects, it studies and analyzes the
language steps and language features of the writing of personal statements. The critical thinking
ability of TESOL students was analyzed and studied. Finally, it summarizes the research results
and puts forward some helpful Suggestions for the optimization of college students' writing
discourse. The purpose of this paper is to explore and provide references for the writing of
application documents in the future. The author hopes that Chinese students can express
themselves in authentic and beautiful English so as to realize their dream of studying abroad.
Key words: application documents; text type theory; writing advice
Contents
摘 要 .........................................................................................................................I
Abstract ...................................................................................................................II
Chapter One Introduction..................................................................................................1
1.1 Research Background .........................................1
1.2 Task Description .............................................1
Chapter Two Literature Review ......................................................................................3
2.1 Requirements and Principles of PS...............................3
2.1.1 The Basic Framework....................................3
2.1.2 A Few Principles of PS...................................5
2.2 Structure of Personal Statement from Macro Level ..................6
2.2.1 Theoritical basis ........................................7
2.2.2 Integration with the TESOL Discipline ......................7
2.3 Linguistic Features of Personal Statement from Micro Level ..........8
2.4 Critical Thinking.............................................8
Chapter Three Research Methodology........................................................................11
3.1 Analyze the Structure of Personal Statement from Macro Level ..............11
3.2.1 The Research Questions .................................11
3.2.2 The Reasearch Designs ..................................11
3.2.3 Participants ...........................................11
3.2.4 Move Structure ........................................11
3.2.5 Frequency Comparison of Verbal Steps .....................12
3.2.6 Use Language Steps with Large Differences in Frequency ......13
3.2 Analyze the Linguistic Features of Personal Statement from Micro Level15
3.3.1 Linguistic Features .....................................15
3.3 Trend of Critical Thinking Disposition of Chinese TESOL Postgraduates16
3.3.1 The Research Questions .................................16
3.3.2 The Research Designs...................................16
3.3.3 Participants ...........................................17
3.3.5 Instruments for Quantitative Research ......................17
3.3.6 Instruments for qualitative research ........................18
3.3.6 Ethical Issues .........................................18
Chapter Four Results and discussion ...........................................................................20
4.1 Discussion about the Result and Some Suggestions.................20
4.3 Suggestions about How to Show Uniqueness......................20
4.3 Suggestions for Chinese TESOL Students to Develop Critical Thinking 21
4.4 Summary..................................................22
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................22
References..............................................................................................................................24
1
Chapter One Introduction
TESOL means that teaching english to speakers of other languages, which has the topic of
exploring the teaching methods and theories of English, in order to standardize the method.
TESOL students, are mostly engaged in English teaching in primary schools, middle schools and
universities after graduation, and teachers make an important role in influencing the development
of students' critical thinking ability. When applying for TESOL major, foreign students must
figure out their learning objectives, explain their understanding of the course, and explain their
value for research and communication. The writing of the application documents is an important
part for these applicants to apply for studying abroad, and according to these, the university that
the applicant wants to attend can know and examine the applicant's learning motivation, English
level, expression ability and thinking ability. Therefore, the application documents are extremely
important.
1.1 Research Background
In the last 30 years, Chinese just had limited approaches to go abroad because of poor
transportation conditions and complicated intermediary procedures. It was difficult to imagine
the life of another country. However, the living condition of China consistently improved which
let studying abroad more affordable to most of the people, as the dramatic development of
China’s economy after reform and opening-up policy carried out in 1978. Additionally, the
developed network and education’s prosperity which sharply improved citizens’ English ability
made Chinese have a better understanding of the whole world. What’s more, some
English-speaking countries are regarded as English-language centers of education and research
by lots of English majors and teachers, which increasingly let the number of people who go there
for postgraduate studies. Due to the professionalism and practicality, TESOL has become one of
the most popular fields of study. However, due to some factors such as non-English majors lack
English writing skills and domestic applicants know little about the requirements of foreign
universities, they will copy some templates to produce low-quality documents. As the result,
they will not impress professors at foreign universities with appropriate translation skills.
1.2 Task Description
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