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基于单片机的智能电动车设计.doc
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基于单片机的智能电动车设计.doc
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摘要
在现今科技高速发展的时代,随着 AI 人工智能技术与无人驾驶的
普及,来汽车驾驶的技术趋势已经逐渐显示其面目,现如今的上市汽车
(例如特斯拉电动车,本田新能源汽车,丰田新能源汽车)已经开始着
手在 AI 市场分一杯羹。中国目前所面临的最严峻的问题之一,就是交
通事故高发生率,以及交通事故死亡率居世界第一。目前已经有政府以
及很多企业来时解决这一问题。提高汽车安全监测门槛,引进国外造车
技术,提高汽车架构的物理稳定,加强车体的强度等等,都是大家所做
的措施,而人工智能驾驶是安全驾驶的未来,有了成熟的人工驾驶,电
脑可靠的计算将大大降低驾驶失误从而降低交通事故发生率。当然,长
城不是一日筑城的,安全驾驶是全人类的长久的问题,这不单单需要在
汽车安全系数方面的提升,还需要政策、交通管理系统的完善以及车主
综合素质得提高,是一个漫长的革命旅程。
本系统以 AT89C51 为主控核心,制作一个智能小车,意在对智能汽
车的探究。设计制作智能电动车。组成元器件有电池组,单片机,带编
码器的电机,塑料轮胎,超声波传感器,LED 数码管,亚克力板等。实
现功能:小车通过 stc89c52 控制电机,智能车在规定的时间内完整的进
行:前方向行驶、左转舵行驶、后方向行驶、右转舵行驶;智能车完成
规定的程序指令后,通过带编码的电机,计算电机滚动的圈数,从而计
算出距离,发光二极数码管和单片机配合最终显示出小车完成制定动作
所使用的时间和行驶距离。在自己规定的时间以内智能车完成规定的动
作。智能小车行驶过程中碰见障碍物时,智能小车上的超声波传感器会
检测到障碍物,并且显示小车与障碍物之间的间隔,通过 stc89c52 控制
车轮电机,实现闪避障碍物。精妙的设计小车的机械与框架结构,并且
与计算机算法相结合,让智能车发挥出稳定的功能与预想的性能。采用
LED 数码管和语音播报指定数据,小车整体测试性能保持稳定状态。
关键词:智能小车 里程显示 避障 单片机
Abstract
In the era of high-speed development of science and technology. With
the popularization of AI Artificial Intelligence technology and driverless
driving, the trend of automobile driving technology has gradually shown its
face. Now the listed cars (such as Tesla electric vehicle, Honda new energy
vehicle, Toyota New Energy Vehicle) have begun to take a share in the AI
market. One of the most serious problems China is facing is the high
incidence of traffic accidents, and the death rate of traffic accidents ranks
first in the world. At present, the government and many business of the world
have come to solve this problem. To improve the threshold of vehicle safety
monitoring, to introduce foreign car building technology, to improve the
physical stability of the car structure, to strengthen the strength of the car
body and so on, are all measures that we have taken, while artificial
intelligence driving is the future of safe driving, with mature manual driving,
computer reliable calculation will greatly reduce driving errors and thus
reduce the incidence of traffic accidents. Of course, the Great Wall is not
built in one day, and safe driving is a long-term problem for all mankind. It
requires not only the improvement of automobile safety coefficient, but also
the improvement of policies, traffic management system and the
improvement of comprehensive quality of car owners. It is a long
revolutionary journey.
This system takes AT89C51 as the main control core, and makes an
intelligent car, aiming to explore the intelligent car. Design and manufacture
intelligent electric vehicle. The components include battery pack, single chip
microcomputer, motor with encoder, plastic tire, ultrasonic sensor, LED
digital tube, acrylic plate, etc. Realization function: the car controls the
motor through the single-chip microcomputer, and the car completes the
following actions in 30 seconds: forward, left, backward and right; the
controller of the car should preset a good time, after the car stops, through
the motor with code, calculate the number of turns of the motor rolling, so as
to calculate the distance, and the LED digital tube shows the travel time and
the final travel distance. Complete all actions within the scheduled time.
When the car is in front of and encounters obstacles, the ultrasonic sensor
detects the distance between the car and the obstacles, and it can avoid the
obstacles by controlling the motor through the single chip microcomputer.
Make full use of the mechanical structure of the car, ingeniously conceive
the transformation, so that the overall structure of the car can achieve the
best performance. LED display and voice broadcast data are used, the system
test performance is excellent and stable
Keywords: intelligent car mileage display obstacle avoidance single chip
microcomputer
目录
第一章 研究背景及意义 .......................................1
1.1 研究背景...............................................1
1.2 智能车的历史...........................................2
1.2.1 智能车的诞生 .......................................2
1.2.2 智能车的由来 .......................................2
1.2.3 我国智能车的发展....................................3
1.3 项目的意义.............................................4
1.4 项目的前景.............................................4
第二章 系统硬件介绍 .........................................6
2.1 stc89c52RC .............................................6
2.1.1 单片机的概括 .......................................6
2.1.2 stc89c52 介绍 .........................................6
2.2 共阴数码管.............................................6
2.3 JQ6500 语音模块 ........................................7
2.4 HC-SR04 超声波模块 .....................................9
2.5 E18-D80N 红外避障传感器 ................................9
2.6 硬件设计..............................................10
2.7 后期思路改进..........................................13
第三章 软件设计 ............................................14
3.1 工程整体构建..........................................14
3.2 小车主要程序流程图 ....................................15
3.3 外接电源..............................................16
3.4 超声波避障............................................16
第四章 小车测试 ............................................18
4.1 小车联调..............................................18
4.2 本课题需要解决的问题 ..................................18
4.2.1 超声波模块测距算法 .................................18
4.2.2 数码管时间的设置 ...................................19
4.2.3 语音模块音频的录入 .................................19
4.2.4 多层次的 if while 嵌套 ................................19
4.3 系统开发工具..........................................19
4.3.1 软件 ..............................................19
4.3.2 硬件 ...............................................19
第五章 项目总结 ............................................21
结论 .......................................................22
参 考 文 献 ................................................23
致谢 .......................................................24
附录 .......................................................25
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