Designation: A 319 – 71 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Gray Iron Castings for Elevated Temperatures for Non-
Pressure Containing Parts
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers three classes of gray iron
suitable for castings exposed to temperatures encountered in
such service as grate bars, stoker links, stoker parts, oil still
furnace parts, firebox parts, ingot molds, glass molds, caustic
pots, and metal melting pots.
NOTE 1—This specification is general, covering cast irons normally
used for the above types of service, at temperatures as high as 1400°F
(760°C). It is not intended to imply that all three classes are suitable
throughout this entire temperature range without regard to actual service
stresses. Some are suitable for long service at the lower temperatures only,
unless low stresses are involved.
1.2 The three classes of gray iron covered by this specifi-
cation are as follows:
1.2.1 Class I, possessing superior resistance to thermal
shock,
1.2.2 Class II, possessing average resistance to thermal
shock and a moderately good tensile strength (tensile strengths
above 30 000 psi (207 MPa) may be expected), and
1.2.3 Class III, possessing a higher tensile strength than
either Classes I or II (tensile strengths as high as 40 000 psi
(276 MPa) may be expected).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings
2
3. Manufacture
3.1 The melting procedure shall be optional with the
foundry.
4. Physical Requirements
4.1 Some of the gray cast irons described in this specifica-
tion are deliberately made of a soft, low-strength iron for
resistance to thermal shock, and strength requirements are
unnecessary. For applications in which a strength requirement
is essential, room temperature tensile strengths may be speci-
fied up to those prescribed for Class 40 in Specification A 48.
5. Machinability
5.1 All machinable castings shall be limited in hardness at
such locations on the castings as designated by the purchaser.
The maximum hardness at the locations on castings that are to
be machined shall be a matter of agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 It is the intention of this specification to classify these
irons in accordance with their carbon content equivalent
calculated as follows:
Carbon content equivalent 5 C 1 0.3 ~Si 1 P! (1)
where:
C = carbon content, %,
Si = silicon content, %, and
P = phosphorus content, %,
6.2 The carbon content equivalent and the minimum carbon
content for the various classes shall be as prescribed in Table 1.
Table 2 prescribes the allowable silicon ranges predicated on
the basis of various permissible carbon contents. It is recom-
mended that embrittling impurities be held to the following
maximum limits:
Phosphorus, max, %
Sulfur, max, %
0.60
0.15
6.3 The three basic classes may be alloyed with chromium.
When chromium is present as an alloying element, each class
shall be subdivided into types designated as follows:
Type Chromium, %
A 0.20–0.40
B 0.41–0.65
C 0.66–0.95
D 0.96–1.20
6.4 All irons may be alloyed to increase the strength and to
improve and stabilize the structure for elevated-temperature
service. The alloying elements, which, in addition to chro-
mium, are commonly added to improve these properties, are
copper, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium. Any combination
of these alloying elements that assists in resisting oxidation or
surface deterioration or in stabilizing the structure or retaining
strength at elevated temperatures, may be used.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.01 on Gray and White
Iron Castings.
Current edition effective Oct. 25, 1971. Originally issued 1948. Replaces
A319 – 53.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
1
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS