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文库首页硬件开发嵌入式稀疏变换器的单相到三相功率转换-世界顶级高校教材

稀疏变换器的单相到三相功率转换-世界顶级高校教材

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在从单相到三相的功率转换过程中，传统电路的概念在前一章中进行了讨论。本章介绍了不同于传统电路的转换器拓扑结构，称为“稀疏转换器”，并对转换器的数学模型进行了详细分析。这些转换器用于模拟使用感应电机作为负载的能量转换过程。还解释了稀疏转换器从电源实现单位功率因数的控制方案。最后给出了对稀疏变换器进行仿真得到的一些仿真结果。 7.2稀疏转换器本节考虑了传统转换器拓扑结构中稀疏转换器的发展。如图7.1所示，传统的单相到三相电路由单相全桥交流到直流转换器和三相逆变器组成。该电路具有五个支路，每个支路是两个开关器件的串联连接。电抗器与单相电源串联，输入施加在全桥交流-直流转换器支路的中心点之间。

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压缩感知中经典的匹配追踪算法，稀疏变换包含小波基和离散余弦变换基。

百度深度学习研究院的研究介绍，稀疏编码的详解，简洁易领会，是学习稀疏编码的很好资料

CHAPTER 7

SINGLE PHASE TO THREE-PHASE POWER CONVERSION

USING SPARSE CONVERTERS

7.1 Introduction

In the process of power conversion from single-phase to three-phase the

concept of conventional circuits was discussed in the previous chapter. In this chapter

converter topologies different from the conventional circuits named the ‘Sparse

Converters’ are introduced and a detailed analysis of the mathematical model of the

converters is laid down. These converters are used to simulate the energy conversion

process using an induction machine as the load. The control scheme for the sparse

converters to achieve unity power factor from the supply is also explained. Finally

some simulation results obtained by simulating the sparse converters are presented.

7.2 Sparse Converters

This section considers the development of the sparse converters from the

conventional converter topologies. The conventional single-phase to three-phase

circuit as shown in Figure 7.1, consists of a single-phase full bridge ac-to-dc

converter and a three-phase inverter. This circuit has five legs each being a series

connection of two switching devices. A reactor is connected in series with the single-

phase power supply and the input is applied between the central points of the full

bridge ac-to-dc converter legs.

133

Motor

1- phase

supply

AC-DC converter

3-phase Inverter

Figure 7.1: Conventional full-bridge ac/dc converter inverter circuit

The power supply current is controlled to be sinusoidal by the full-bridge ac-to-

dc converter, while the motor input voltage is controlled by the pulse-width

modulation inverter. These two control actions are independent and a capacitor is

inserted for decoupling. To reduce the cost the full bridge converter can be replaced

by a half-bridge converter in any case the input reactor is necessary which further

increases the size of the system.

The three-phase inverter has eight switching states, which correspond to eight

output voltage space vectors as shown in Table 7.1. Each state correspond to a

voltage in each phase, but in particular there exists two states during which the

inverter does not output any voltage on the phases. This happens when all the top

devices or all the bottom devices are turned ON at the same time. These

corresponding state vectors are referred to as zero vectors.

134

These zero vectors are equivalent in terms of generated line-to-line voltage, but differ

in the induced voltage

between the neutral point of the star connected three phase

load and the neutral point of the dc link, which is given as,

when all the top devices are on

−= when all the bottom devices are on

Therefore the neutral point voltage of the load can be controlled by a proper use of

the zero vectors. The model for the sparse converters is as shown in Figure 7.2. It

consists of a motor, a three-phase inverter and an additional leg having the

functionality of the ac-to-dc converter.

Table 7.1 The switching states in a three-phase inverter showing the zero voltage

states.

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 -V

0 1 0 -V

0 1 1 -V

0 -V

1 0 0 V

0 -V

1 0 1 V

- V

1 1 0 0 V

-V

1 1 1 0 0 0

135

MOTOR

CONVERTER

Power supply

Figure 7.2: Model for Sparse converters.

The power supply is directly connected between the neutral point of the

load, in doing so the input reactor as in conventional circuits becomes redundant as its

purpose is served by the leakage inductance of the motor. Since the power supply is

connected directly to the load, power supply current and the output voltage control

actions are no longer independent as in the case of the conventional circuits. Owing to

the connection of the power supply the load currents carry an additional amount of

the current, which is one third of the supply current, and this current is the zero phase

sequence current.

The zero-phase sequence current flowing in to the stator windings does

not generate any torque and so therefore may be accepted as long as the related

increase of copper losses is compensated by some advantages like the cost and size

reduction [8].

136

−

Motor

Figure 7.3: Positive-phase sequence equivalent circuit topology of the sparse

converters

Figures 7.3 and 7.4 show the positive-phase sequence and the zero-sequence

equivalent circuits of the sparse converters respectively. In the positive phase

sequence circuit the power supply voltage does not appear since it is the zero-phase

sequence voltage, and the equivalent circuit coincides with the conventional inverter

topology. When considering the zero-phase sequence the motor is equivalent to a

simple inductance and the inverter can be regarded as a single leg topology, the left

leg of which is controlled as usual, while the right leg in Figure 7.4 is controlled by

choosing the appropriate zero vector for the inverter.

Thus comparing the conventional converter with the sparse converters they

both are equal when considering the leakage inductance of the motor as input

reactance for the full bridge ac-to-dc converter. The equivalence is achieved in spite

of the reduced number of switching devices and a very simple structure for the ac-to-

dc converter is obtained.

137

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