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帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案解析(双语).doc
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帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案解析(双语).doc
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Chapter 1
I
YES,Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.
II
流动性过剩
自给自足
经济资源
直接投资
国际收支
易货交易
出口退税
倾销
出口型经济增长
东道国
贸易差额
贸易顺差/贸易逆差
欧盟
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差
有形贸易
无形贸易
货物贸易
服务贸易
excess liquidity
self-sufficient
economic resources
direct investment
balance of payments
barter
export tax rebate
dumping
export-driven economic growth
host country
balance of trade
favorable/unfavorable balance of trade
European Union
favorable/unfavorable balance of payments
visible trade
invisible trade
trade in goods
trade in services
III
The chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and thetrade
balance. The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing.During the
period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports toChina have
grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had alreadybeen a sizeable trade
balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of theyear.
IV
1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.
2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and
importing of tangible goods.
3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.
4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.
5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.
6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its
money with relative safety.
V
1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across
national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includesthe
purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.
2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.
Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economicreasons, no
nation has all of the economic resources <land, labor and capital> that it needsto develop its
2 / 12
economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficientenough to meet its needs.
As for the preference reasons, international trade takes placebecause of innovation of style.
Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field andenjoy a comparative advantage in some
particular area in terms of trade so that they needto do business with each other to make use of
resources more efficiently and effectively.
3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators,
namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.
4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property
and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign
company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDIsolve the problem
of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money onimporting advanced
equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supportingindustry, key projects, etc.
Chapter 2
I
关税壁垒
非关税壁垒
从量税
配额
保护性关税
市场失灵
幼稚产业
许可证制度
财政关税
政府采购
贸易保护主义
从价税
最低限价
本地采购规则
增加内需
Domestic content
Red-tape barriers
Export subsidies
Binding quota
Absolute quotas
VER
Tariff-rate quotas
Zero quota
"Buy local" rules
Tariffbarriers
non-tariffbarriers
specific duties
quota
protective tariff
market failure
infant industry
licensing system
Revenue tariff
government procurement
trade protectionism
Ad Valorem Duties
floor price
"buy local" rules
raise domestic demand
国内含量
进口环节壁垒
出口补贴
绑定配额
绝对配额
自愿出口限制
关税配额
零配额
本地采购原则
II
1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports toenable
relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreignproducers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制,以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品
竞争。.
2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal willsink
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through the floor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中,那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最
低限价。
3. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of
making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the
domestic products a price advantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税,旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵,从向使得本国商品
具有价格优势。
4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the UnitedStates, the
imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices ofimported goods,
thus making them less competitive within the market of the importingcountry. After seven
"Rounds" of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade tradenegotiations that focused heavily on
tariff reductions, tariffs are less important measures ofprotection than they used to be.
关税的种类包括从价税,从量税,可变税与复合税。在美国,只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进
口货物的价格,从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回
合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后,税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
III
1. Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports.
2. A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, but it must be taken under
control.
3. To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought
against by government of the importing country.
4. A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty.It also
may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is knownas an ad
valorem duty.
5. Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the import goods so that
competitively produced domestic goods will gaina relative price advantage.
Chapter 3
I
APEC Asia-pacific Economic Co-operation
FTAAP Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific
EU European Union
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
MERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Cono Sur /Southern Common Market
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
EFTA European Free Trade Area
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area
PTAs Preferential Trade agreements
II
Trade bloc 贸易集团
Trade block 贸易禁运/ 封锁
Open regionalism 开放式区域主义
Free trade area 自由贸易区
Customs union 关税联盟
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