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ffmpeg examples, windows script
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ffmpeg examples, windows script
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An Introduction to
FFmpeg, DaVinci Resolve, Timelapse and Fulldome Video Production,
Special Effects, Color Grading, Streaming, Audio Processing,
Canon 5D-MK4, Panasonic LUMIX GH5S, Kodak PIXPRO SP360 4K, Ricoh Theta V,
Synthesizers, Image Processing and Astronomy Software
by
Michael Koch, astroelectronic@t-online.de
Version from December 13, 2021
1
Contents
1 Introduction to FFmpeg .............................................................................. 9
1.1 What can be done with FFmpeg? .................................................... 11
1.2 If FFmpeg has no graphical user interface, how do we use it? .... 12
1.3 The first example .............................................................................. 14
1.4 Using variables ................................................................................. 15
2 FFmpeg in detail ....................................................................................... 16
2.1 Convert from one video format to another video format ............... 16
2.2 Change the container format ........................................................... 16
2.3 Fit timelapse length to music length ............................................... 17
2.4 Timelapse or slideshow from many images, with crossfading ..... 18
2.5 Slideshow with different durations ................................................ 20
2.6 Slideshow with scrolling images ..................................................... 21
2.7 Extract many images from a video .................................................. 24
2.8 Extract the first and last frame from a video .................................. 25
2.9 Modify brightness, contrast, saturation, gamma and hue ............. 26
2.10 Strong contrast enhancement ....................................................... 27
2.11 Inverting a video or image (make a negative) ............................... 29
2.12 Colorchannelmixer filter ................................................................. 31
2.13 Shuffleplanes filter .......................................................................... 33
2.14 Day-for-Night ................................................................................... 34
2.15 Colorcorrect filter ............................................................................ 35
2.16 Colortemperature filter ................................................................... 37
2.17 Hue filter .......................................................................................... 39
2.18 Huesaturation filter ......................................................................... 41
2.19 Selectivecolor filter ......................................................................... 43
2.20 Colorbalance filter .......................................................................... 45
2.21 Colorcontrast filter .......................................................................... 47
2.22 Monochrome filter ........................................................................... 49
2.23 Vibrance filter .................................................................................. 52
2.24 Swapuv filter ................................................................................... 55
2.25 Gradation curves ............................................................................ 56
2.26 Color grading with color look-up tables, full workflow ............... 57
2.27 Color grading with color look-up tables, simplified workflow .... 59
2.28 Size of color-look-up tables ........................................................... 60
2.29 Colorhold, chromahold and hsvhold ............................................ 64
2.30 Atmospheric dispersion correction ............................................... 66
2.31 Amplify filter .................................................................................... 67
2.32 Sharpen or blur images .................................................................. 67
2.33 FFT Filtering .................................................................................... 69
2.34 Extract a time segment from a video ............................................. 76
2.35 Trim filter ......................................................................................... 77
2.36 Tpad filter, add a few seconds black at the beginning or end .... 78
2.37 Extract the last 30 seconds of a video .......................................... 79
2.38 Fade-in and fade-out ....................................................................... 80
2.39 Crossfading ..................................................................................... 81
2.40 Crop a video .................................................................................... 82
2.41 Add borders to a video ................................................................... 83
2.42 Zoompan .......................................................................................... 83
2.43 Changing the speed: slow motion and timelapse ........................ 84
2.44 Slow motion or timelapse only for a segment of the video ......... 85
2.45 Time Remapping ............................................................................. 86
2.46 Insert a text which is visible for the whole duration .................... 88
2.47 Slowly fade a text in and out .......................................................... 88
2.48 Vertical alignment of text ................................................................ 90
2.49 Show a running clock in the video ................................................ 91
2.50 Generation of curved text for fulldome projection ...................... 93
2.51 Write text on a transparent layer ................................................... 96
2.52 Combine multiple videos with concat demuxer ........................... 97
2.53 Combine multiple videos with concat filter .................................. 99
2.54 The "fps" filter ................................................................................. 99
2.55 Split a video in multiple segments .............................................. 100
2.56 Switch between two cameras, using audio from camera1 ........ 101
2.57 Stack videos side by side (or on top of each other) ................. 102
2.58 Horizontal and vertical flipping .................................................... 102
2
2.59 Stack four videos to a 2x2 mosaic .............................................. 103
2.60 Blink comparator .......................................................................... 104
2.61 Creating animated GIF or PNG .................................................... 106
2.62 Overlay an animated GIF over a video ........................................ 107
2.63 Changing the size of an animated GIF ........................................ 107
2.64 Replace one frame in a video by another ................................... 108
2.65 Blend filter ..................................................................................... 109
2.66 Circular mask (View through eyepiece) ....................................... 111
2.67 Binocular view simulation ............................................................ 113
2.68 Vignetting ....................................................................................... 114
2.69 Subtracting a darkframe ............................................................... 115
2.70 Histogram ...................................................................................... 115
2.71 Lagfun filter ................................................................................... 116
2.72 Deflicker a video ............................................................................ 118
2.73 Star trails ....................................................................................... 121
2.74 Bird trails ....................................................................................... 122
2.75 Rainbow-trail effect ....................................................................... 125
2.76 Temporal slice-stacking effect ..................................................... 126
2.77 Extract and merge planes, split planes ....................................... 127
2.78 Colorkey ......................................................................................... 128
2.79 Chromakey .................................................................................... 129
2.80 HSVkey ........................................................................................... 130
2.81 Lumakey ........................................................................................ 131
2.82 Bluescreen / greenscreen ............................................................ 132
2.83 Real-time bluescreening .............................................................. 143
2.84 Extract moving objects from a video .......................................... 145
2.85 Datascope ...................................................................................... 145
2.86 Video line jitter effect .................................................................... 146
2.87 Vertical jitter effect ........................................................................ 147
2.88 CRT Screen Effect ......................................................................... 148
2.89 Macroblock motion vectors ......................................................... 148
2.90 Deblock filter ................................................................................. 148
2.91 Gradfun filter ................................................................................. 149
2.92 Dilation filter .................................................................................. 149
2.93 Morphological transforms ............................................................ 150
2.94 Correct the radial distortion of (fisheye-) lenses ........................ 153
2.95 V360 filter for rotation of equirectangular 360° videos .............. 156
2.96 Equirectangular images of the night sky .................................... 159
2.97 Undo spherical rotations .............................................................. 160
2.98 Remap a fisheye video to an equirectangular video .................. 161
2.99 Remap an equirectangular video to a fisheye video .................. 165
2.100 Remap from equirectangular to double-fisheye ....................... 167
2.101 Remap an equirectangular video to a "Little planet" video ..... 168
2.102 Remap an equirectangular video to a "Mirror sphere" video .. 170
2.103 Shifting the viewing direction in a fisheye image or video ...... 174
2.104 How the "drawbox" filter works ................................................. 176
2.105 Stitching together double-fisheye videos ................................. 177
2.106 Remove stitching artefacts ........................................................ 179
2.107 Stitch double-fisheye images with alignment errors ............... 183
2.108 Preprocessing a flat video for fulldome projection .................. 187
2.109 Rotating the earth, moon or planet ............................................ 190
2.110 Live rotation of the moon ........................................................... 196
2.111 Insert a crosshair in a live video ................................................ 198
2.112 Tunnel effect ................................................................................ 199
2.113 Black hole simulation with remap filter ..................................... 203
2.114 Wormhole simulation .................................................................. 208
2.115 Simulation of a moving wormhole ............................................. 213
2.116 Dynamically change commands with "sendcmd" or "zmq" .... 217
2.117 Sendcmd and commands ........................................................... 218
2.118 Sending commands with ZMQ ................................................... 223
2.119 FFmpeg and C# Programming ................................................... 225
2.120 Video stabilization ....................................................................... 228
2.121 Stabilization of 360° Videos ....................................................... 231
2.122 Stabilization of 360° Videos, improved ..................................... 236
2.123 Remap Video-in-Video with perspective filter .......................... 238
2.124 Image warping with displace filter ............................................. 240
2.125 Noise reduction ........................................................................... 245
2.126 -filter_complex_script ................................................................. 246
2.127 Time delay within a filter chain .................................................. 246
2.128 Recording one-time events with pre-trigger ............................ 247
2.129 Chroma subsampling, pixel formats of images or videos ....... 248
2.130 Automatic format conversions .................................................. 255
2.131 RGB Color Cube .......................................................................... 257
2.132 Convert RGB to HSV or HSL ...................................................... 261
2.133 Convert HSV to RGB ................................................................... 262
2.134 Video Codecs .............................................................................. 263
3
2.135 Keyframes .................................................................................... 264
2.136 Video codecs with alpha channel .............................................. 265
2.137 Metadata ...................................................................................... 266
2.138 Video filters "copy" and "null" ................................................... 267
2.139 Re-numbering images ................................................................ 267
2.140 Filenames for images ................................................................. 268
2.141 Create two-dimensional gradients ............................................. 269
2.142 Make spectrum images ............................................................... 270
2.143 Make an additive color mixing image ........................................ 281
2.144 Make a test image with shifted RGB channels ......................... 282
2.145 Redshift ....................................................................................... 283
2.146 SMPTE Color Bars ...................................................................... 285
2.147 Make many JPG test images ...................................................... 285
2.148 Make a grid video ........................................................................ 286
2.149 Make a chessboard video ........................................................... 286
2.150 Make a test video with audio ...................................................... 286
2.151 Make a noise video ..................................................................... 287
2.152 Make a grayscale test image ...................................................... 287
2.153 Pseudocolor filter ........................................................................ 288
2.154 Make a 10-bit test video with audio ........................................... 289
2.155 Test a filtergraph for 10-bit compatibility .................................. 289
2.156 Find an object in a video and hide it ......................................... 290
2.157 Find the coordinates of a moving object in a video ................ 291
2.158 Detect black frames and replace them by previous frame ...... 292
2.159 Image formats ............................................................................. 293
2.160 Image size limits ......................................................................... 294
2.161 CR2 and DNG Images ................................................................. 295
2.162 Colorspace .................................................................................. 297
2.163 Video sizes .................................................................................. 298
2.164 Editing videos from PanoView XDV360 fulldome camera ....... 299
2.165 Editing videos from the Kodak SP360_4K camera ................... 300
2.166 Postprocessing of real time videos of the night sky ............... 301
2.167 Workflow for night sky videos with GH5S ................................ 304
2.168 Combine many options and filters ............................................ 305
2.169 Timelapse example with masking, deflicker, rotation, fading . 306
2.170 Slow motion with Panasonic GH5S at 240fps .......................... 307
2.171 Create a light curve of a star occultation .................................. 309
2.172 Oscilloscope ................................................................................ 315
2.173 Vectorscope ................................................................................. 315
2.174 Capture a video from a webcam ................................................ 316
2.175 Capture video from the desktop or from a window ................. 317
2.176 Capture video and audio from a HDMI to USB converter ........ 318
2.177 Adding *.srt subtitles to a video ................................................. 322
2.178 Adding *.ass subtitles or credit files to a video ........................ 324
2.179 Removing subtitles ..................................................................... 325
2.180 frei0r ............................................................................................. 326
2.181 Mapping streams to the output (-map) ...................................... 326
2.182 Creating multiple outputs ........................................................... 326
2.183 Attaching a preview image to a video ....................................... 327
2.184 Timeline support ......................................................................... 329
2.185 Expression evaluation ................................................................ 340
2.186 Downloading videos from Facebook ........................................ 343
2.187 Uploading spherical 360 images to Facebook .......................... 343
2.188 Uploading videos to Facebook .................................................. 344
2.189 Downloading videos from Youtube ........................................... 344
2.190 Youtube recommended settings ................................................ 345
2.191 Streaming from FFmpeg to YouTube Live ................................ 346
2.192 Limiting FFmpeg's encoding speed to realtime ....................... 346
2.193 Hardware acceleration ................................................................ 347
2.194 FFmpeg console output ............................................................. 348
2.195 FFmpeg source code .................................................................. 348
2.196 FFmpeg: Suggestions for improvement ................................... 349
3 Audio processing with FFmpeg ............................................................. 367
3.1 Combine multiple audio files with crossfadings .......................... 367
3.2 Change audio volume ..................................................................... 368
3.3 Change audio sample rate and number of audio channels ......... 368
3.4 Change audio length, sample rate and/or pitch .......................... 369
3.5 Replace a segment of the audio stream by silence ..................... 370
3.6 Add an audio stream to a video, if no audio stream exists ......... 370
3.7 Stereo --> mix into one mono channel .......................................... 371
3.8 Check if both stereo channels are equal ...................................... 372
3.9 Check if two mono inputs are equal .............................................. 372
3.10 Extract one mono channel from stereo ....................................... 372
3.11 Stereo --> two mono channels ..................................................... 373
3.12 Mono --> stereo ............................................................................. 373
3.13 Two mono channels --> stereo ..................................................... 374
4
3.14 Mix two stereo channels to one stereo channel ......................... 374
3.15 Create a file with multiple audio streams .................................... 375
3.16 How to choose the correct audio volume level .......................... 375
3.17 Remove low frequencies (wind noise) from an audio track ...... 376
3.18 Remove silence from an audio stream ....................................... 376
3.19 Make a video from an audio file ................................................... 377
3.20 Convert ultrasound to the audible range, e.g. to hear bats ....... 378
3.21 Record sound with the computer's built-in microphone ........... 381
3.22 Record a "Voice-Over" audio track .............................................. 382
3.23 Passing the FFmpeg output to FFplay ........................................ 384
3.24 Record sound and pass the output to FFplay ........................... 384
3.25 Live ultrasound conversion ......................................................... 385
3.26 Extract the audio from a video ..................................................... 387
3.27 Split a video into audio-only and video-only .............................. 387
3.28 Synchronize audio with video ...................................................... 387
3.29 Sources for royalty-free music .................................................... 388
3.30 Sound effects, from frequency domain to time domain ............ 389
3.31 Gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers ................ 395
3.32 Create band-limited noise ............................................................ 399
3.33 Show the frequency response of a filter ..................................... 400
3.34 Make an audio file with a short test tone .................................... 401
3.35 Measuring the audio volume ........................................................ 401
3.36 Convert an audio waveform to a picture ..................................... 402
3.37 Optical sound effect ..................................................................... 408
3.38 Which equipment is useful for making sound records? ........... 409
3.39 Create an alternating left/right stereo sound .............................. 410
3.40 Comparison of Rode NT1 and NTG2 microphones .................... 411
3.41 Mathematical properties of sample rates 44100 and 48000 ....... 412
3.42 Speed of sound ............................................................................. 414
4 FFprobe ................................................................................................... 415
4.1 Count the number of frames .......................................................... 416
4.2 Find the keyframe timestamps ...................................................... 416
5 FFplay ...................................................................................................... 417
6 DaVinci Resolve 15 / 16 / 17 ................................................................... 419
6.1 Tutorials on Youtube ....................................................................... 420
6.2 Mouse buttons and keyboard shortcuts ....................................... 422
6.3 Preferences ..................................................................................... 424
6.4 Project settings ............................................................................... 425
6.5 Archive projects .............................................................................. 426
6.6 The "Media" page in DaVinci Resolve ........................................... 427
6.7 The "Cut" page in DaVinci Resolve ............................................... 428
6.8 The "Edit" page in DaVinci Resolve .............................................. 429
6.9 The "Fusion" page in DaVinci Resolve ......................................... 433
6.10 Add a new "MediaIn" node ........................................................... 434
6.11 Fusion Clips ................................................................................... 435
6.12 The "Color" page in DaVinci Resolve .......................................... 436
6.13 Corrector nodes in "Color" page ................................................. 438
6.14 Wipes ............................................................................................. 438
6.15 The "Deliver" page in DaVinci Resolve ....................................... 439
6.16 Day-for-Night ................................................................................. 439
6.17 Synchronize audio with video ...................................................... 440
6.18 Cutting on the beat of the music ................................................. 440
6.19 Video stabilization ........................................................................ 441
6.20 Processing of drone videos ......................................................... 441
6.21 Track an object .............................................................................. 442
6.22 Track and blur (or pixelize) an object .......................................... 445
6.23 Track an object and cover it by a colored rectangle .................. 446
6.24 Track an object and cover it by an image ................................... 447
6.25 Track an object and corner pin an image .................................... 448
6.26 Overlay text ................................................................................... 449
6.27 Color matching .............................................................................. 450
6.28 Generate a LUT ............................................................................. 451
6.29 Apply a look-up-table to a clip ..................................................... 451
6.30 Special effects ............................................................................... 452
6.31 Alpha masking ............................................................................... 456
6.32 Qualifier ......................................................................................... 457
6.33 Exclude two regions from a mask ............................................... 458
6.34 Snowfall ......................................................................................... 459
6.35 Polyline toolbar ............................................................................. 460
6.36 Artificial lightning .......................................................................... 461
6.37 Adjustment clips ........................................................................... 463
6.38 Trails .............................................................................................. 464
6.39 Fog Effect ...................................................................................... 465
6.40 Explosion effect ............................................................................ 466
6.41 Bluescreen / greenscreen ............................................................ 468
6.42 3D Effects ...................................................................................... 469
5
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