没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
Volocopter-WhitePaper-1-01.pdf
1.该资源内容由用户上传,如若侵权请联系客服进行举报
2.虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(资源遇到问题,请及时私信上传者)
2.虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(资源遇到问题,请及时私信上传者)
版权申诉
0 下载量 34 浏览量
2022-12-20
15:30:12
上传
评论
收藏 2.05MB PDF 举报
温馨提示
试读
28页
Volocopter-WhitePaper-1-01.pdf
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
PIONEERING
THE URBAN AIR TAXI
REVOLUTION
1.0
THE CASE FOR URBAN AIR TRANSPORTATION
THE URBAN AIR TAXI MISSION
SAFETY & CERTIFICATION
NOISE EMISSIONS
RANGE & SPEED
OPERATING COSTS
COST OF ENERGY
COST OF BATTERIES
OTHER COST DRIVERS
VOLOCOPTER ON COSTS
NUMBER OF SEATS
DESIGN FOR USABILITY
CONCLUSION
CONTRIBUTORS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pioneering the Urban Air Taxi Revolution3
THE CASE FOR URBAN AIR TRANSPORTATION
The next decade is forecast to be the greatest period of urban migration in
human history. By 2030, more than 60% of the world’s population will live in
cities. Ground infrastructure, which is already operating at full capacity in many
areas, is struggling to keep up with this urban growth. We believe that one
answer to the challenges of urbanization is to take to the sky and unleash air
travel in urban environments as a viable alternative to ground transportation.
In this article we will make a case for why we at Volocopter believe that we are
on the cusp of a technological revolution enabling urban air mobility (UAM)
at scale. We will focus on the requirements for the urban air taxi mission and
discuss how we specifically designed the Volocopter, our electric vertical take-
o and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, with this mission in mind.
It is important to note that, in this discussion, we will focus on the intra-city trans
-
portation use case: flying passengers within cities, where the greatest pain points
will be alleviated. We will not be addressing the requirements for high-speed
regional shuttles, which will ferry passengers between metropolitan regions.
THE RENAISSANCE OF ELECTRIC FLIGHT
Before diving in, we want to reflect on the renaissance underway in electric pro–
pulsion, the technology that will unlock urban air mobility.
The concept of electric propulsion in aviation is nearly as old as aviation itself.
The first electric-powered aircraft debuted in 97 (the tethered PKZ-) and
electric aviation has been a hobbyist’s alternative in the interim years. Now, with
the advancements in multirotor distributed electric propulsion systems and the
sophisticated controls to manage them, electric propulsion has finally become
a viable alternative to hydrocarbon-based systems.
Pioneering the Urban Air Taxi Revolution4
THE URBAN AIR TAXI MISSION
The mission of the urban air taxi is to transport passengers and luggage from
point A to B within a defined urban metropolitan area at a price that is compe–
titive with alternative transportation modes.
In order to accomplish this mission, an eVTOL will need to at least address the
requirements in the non-exhaustive list below.
. Safety & Certification: Urban air taxis need to be as safe as any other
commercial aircraft and consequently be designed to meet equivalent
safety standards.
2. Noise Emissions: In order to fly in the city and take-o/land in populated
areas, the urban air taxi will have to comply with demanding noise restric
-
tions to achieve public acceptance.
3. Range & Speed: The air taxi needs to be able to cover the most popular
high-trac routes in major cities, like the airport to city-center route.
These trips should be covered at a reasonably high speed in order to save
time compared to ground transportation alternatives.
4. Operating Costs: To enable a viable and scalable business that addresses
a meaningful customer base, air taxi operating costs should be low enough
to oer competitively-priced transportation services.
5. Number of Seats: The number of passenger seats is a key design driver
and needs to match the needs of the urban air taxi mission.
6. Design for Usability: Passengers need to be able to embark, travel, and
disembark comfortably and safely. This will entail design requirements for
cabin noise levels, vibration, climatic conditioning, perceived safety, etc.
We will address each of these requirements in detail below and elaborate
on how Volocopter addresses them in its development of a viable urban air
taxi product.
Pioneering the Urban Air Taxi Revolution5
SAFETY & CERTIFICATION
Safety is paramount in designing next-generation eVTOL aircraft for an urban
air taxi mission. The service will only achieve public acceptance if it can be shown
to operate safely. To this end, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
published the SC-VTOL-0 “Proposed Special Condition for small-category
VTOL aircraft” in October 208, which outlines the airworthiness standards for
eVTOLs. (The final version is expected to be published by EASA in June 2019.
Data shown in Figure 2 reflect updates towards the final version, which have
been shared at VTOL special conditions briefing by EASA on Feb. 27, 2019.)
In this document, EASA defines required safety objectives for urban air taxis,
which are basically equivalent to those for other commercial aircraft. Details can
be found in Figure 2, where “Category Enhanced” applies to urban air taxis. We
applaud EASA for proposing explicit regulations for this new market and for
recognizing that upholding the highest safety standards is key to market success.
FAILURE CONDITION CLASSIFICATION
Minor Major Hazardous Catastrophic
Maximum
Passenger
Seating
Configuration
Category
Enhanced
Category
Basic
0 to 9
7 to 9
2 to 6
0 to 1
≤ 10
-
3
FDAL D
≤ 10
-
5
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
7
FDAL B
≤ 10
-
9
FDAL A
≤ 10
-
3
FDAL D
≤ 10
-
5
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
7
FDAL B
≤ 10
-
9
FDAL A
≤ 10
-
3
FDAL D
≤ 10
-
5
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
7
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
8
FDAL B
≤ 10
-
3
FDAL D
≤ 10
-
5
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
6
FDAL C
≤ 10
-
7
FDAL C
Quantitative safety objectives are expressed per flight hour
Figure 2 Safety objectives for eVTOL aircraft (EASA) according to VTOL Special Condition Briefing
27-Feb-2019
Figure The Volocopter deployed as an urban air taxi
剩余27页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
samLi0620
- 粉丝: 1010
- 资源: 1万+
下载权益
C知道特权
VIP文章
课程特权
开通VIP
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功