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毕业设计(论文)
题 目: 无模压力成形机设计
专 业: 机电一体化技术
班 级:
学 号:
姓 名:
指导老师:
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毕业设计—无模压力成形机
I
论 文 摘 要
本设计目的是设计一个可根据需要随时改变上、下模,从而改变冲压产品的
无模压力成形机。其基本原理是利用一系列规则排列、高度可调的基本体(冲
头),通过对各基本体的实时控制,构造出所需形状的成形面,取代传统的模具来
实现板材的三维曲面快速无模成形。
具体设计思路:设计中,上、下模都采用点阵的形式。每一个点阵的高度都
可以通过螺钉进行调节,,每个螺钉相当于一个点阵,安装在螺钉安装板上。通过
步进电机按要求对螺钉进行旋转调节,从而调节螺钉的高度。步进电机通过单片
机或 PLC 进行控制,并且安装上限位开关和传感器,使整个控制系统成为一个可
控的闭合回路。控制步进电机按要求对每一个螺钉调节好后,此时,得到了所需
要的上、下模。安装好需要加工的毛坯板材后,固定下模,再使用压力机对上模
向下模方向施加足够的压力使板件塑性变形成所需形状。
在选用控制系统时,考虑到 PLC 相对单片机它具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、
编程方法简单易学、硬件配套齐全,用户使用方便、系统的设计,安装,调试工
作量少、维修工作量小,维修方便等优点,所以采用了 PLC 控制系统。
关键词: 无模压力成形 多点成形 电机控制 冲压设备
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毕业设计—无模压力成形机
II
Abstract
The design objective is to design a need to be changed at any time according
to the upper and lower mold, thereby changing the products without stamping die
pressure forming machine. The basic principle is to use a series of rules with a
high degree of adjustable basic body (Punch), Based on the basic body of the
real-time control, to construct the required shape forming face, replace the
traditional mold of the plate to achieve rapid 3D-Forming.
Specific design ideas : Design, upper and lower lattice model used in the
form. Every one of the lattice can be highly regulated through the screw, and
each screw is equivalent to a lattice. installation of the screws installed
board. Stepper motor through the requirement of screw rotating adjustment screw
to adjust the height. Stepper motors MCU or PLC control, and the installation of
a ceiling-Switches and sensors. so that the whole control system has become a
closed loop controllable. Stepper motor control required for each one after
adjusting screw, at this time, been required, under the model. Installed
processing needs of the sheet metal blank, under the fixed mold, Press again to
the use of model scale downward direction exert enough pressure on the plates of
plastic forming the necessary changes shape.
The choice of control systems, taking into account the relative PLC MCU it
has high reliability, strong anti-jamming ability, Programming is easy and hard
infrastructure complete, and easy to use user, system design, installation,
commissioning work less, maintenance workload, the maintenance and so on and the
use of PLC control systems.
Key Words: No pressure forming die Multi-point Forming Motor Control
Stamping equipment
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毕业设计—无模压力成形机
III
前言
随着科学技术的不断进步和工业生产的迅速发展,许多新技术、新工艺、新
设备、新材料不断涌现,因而促进了冲压技术的不断革新和发展。目前国内外相
继涌现出了精密冲压工艺、软模成形工艺、高能高速成形工艺、超塑性成形工艺
及无模多点成形工艺等精密、高效、经济的冲压新工艺。
近年来,为了适应市场的激烈竞争,对产品质量的要求越来越高,且其更新
换代的周期大为缩短。无模多点成形工艺不需要模具,可以省去模具的设计、制
造和调试工序,节约制造模具的材料、工具、能源和时间等,将生产准备时间缩
短为模具成形时的几十分之一。
在设计中,采用的是步进电机控制一系列规则排列、高度可调的基本体(冲
头),构造出所需形状的成形面,取代传统的模具来实现板材的三维曲面快速无模
成形。这些冲头的排列越密冲压出的曲面就越好。应用在数控技术上还可以直接
通过三维图形生成出所需形状的成形面。
无模多点成形工艺,实现了无模成形,优化了变形路径,改善了板材成形时
的变形条件,提高板材成形极限,扩大加工范围;可以减少成形过程中产生的残
余应力,实现无回弹成形;可以在较小的设备上成形较大尺寸的板类件,使得加
工件尺寸精度高,生产效率高,表面质量好,生产工艺稳定。并且使冲压工艺易
于实现自动化。是一种非常先进设计思路,具有良好的发展前景。
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毕业设计—无模压力成形机
IV
目 录
论 文 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................II
前言 ...................................................................................................................................................III
目 录 ...........................................................................................................................................IV
第 1 章 基 础 知 识........................................................................................................................1
1.1 概述...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1
基本概念
............................................................................................................................1
1.1.2
技术特点
............................................................................................................................2
1.1.3
技术基础与水平
................................................................................................................3
1.2 多点成形理论...........................................................................................................................3
1.3 技术的特点...............................................................................................................................4
1.4 技术发展概况...........................................................................................................................4
1.5 实用技术开发和应用前景.......................................................................................................5
第 2 章 设计前准备..........................................................................................................................7
2.1 冲压的概念、特点及应用.......................................................................................................7
2.2 冲压设计的一般程序...............................................................................................................9
2.2.1
产品零件质量及尺寸精度要求
........................................................................................9
2.2.2
冲压设计的一般工作程序
................................................................................................9
2.3 应力和应变分析.....................................................................................................................10
2.3.1
一点处应力状态的概念
..................................................................................................10
2.3.2
平面应力状态下的应力分析、应力圆
.......................................................................14
2.4 金属塑性变形概述.................................................................................................................20
2.4.1
塑性变形的物理概念
......................................................................................................20
2.4.2
塑性与变形抗力
..............................................................................................................21
2.4.3
塑性变形对金属组织和性能的影响
..............................................................................22
2.4.4
影响金属塑性的因素
......................................................................................................23
2.4.5
超塑性概念
......................................................................................................................25
2.4.6
塑性变形时的应力与应变
..............................................................................................26
2.5 冲压模具的结构的安全影响.................................................................................................27
2.5.1
模具的主要零件、作用及安全要求
..............................................................................27
2.5.2
模具设计的安全要点
......................................................................................................28
第 3 章 零部件设计........................................................................................................................29
3.1 运行机构的设计.....................................................................................................................29
3.1.1
滑动螺旋传动
..................................................................................................................30
3.1.2
滚珠螺旋传动
..................................................................................................................31
3.2 其它部分零部件.....................................................................................................................32
3.2.1
冲压帽
..............................................................................................................................32
3.2.2
冲压钉、管螺纹件
1 .......................................................................................................34
3.2.3
弹簧的选取
......................................................................................................................35