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Chromosomal location of 18S and 5S rDNA sites in Triportheu
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Chromosomal location of 18S and 5S rDNA sites in Triportheus fish species (Characiformes, Characidae)
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Chromosomal location of 18S and 5S rDNA sites in
Triportheus
fish species (Characiformes, Characidae)
Débora Diniz
1
, Alejandro Laudicina
2
and Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
1
1
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
2
Centro Nacional de Energia Atômica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Abstract
The location of 18S and 5S rDNA sites was determined in eight species and populations of the fish genus
Triportheus
by using fluorescent
in situ
hybridization (FISH). The males and females of all species had 2n = 52 chromosomes
and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. A single 18S rDNA site that was roughly equivalent to an Ag-NOR was de
-
tected on the short arms of a submetacentric pair in nearly all species, and up to two additional sites were also ob
-
served in some species. In addition, another 18S rDNA cluster was identified in a distal region on the long arms of the
W chromosome; this finding corroborated previous evidence that this cluster would be a shared feature amongst
Triportheus
species
.
In
T. angulatus
, a heterozygotic paracentric inversion involving the short arms of one homolog
of a metacentric pair was associated with NORs. The 5S rDNA sites were located on the short arms of a single
submetacentric chromosomal pair, close to the centromeres, except in
T. auritus
, which had up to ten 5S rDNA sites.
The 18S and 5S rDNA sites were co-localized and adjacent on the short arms of a chromosomal pair in two popula-
tions of
T. nematurus
. Although all
Triportheus
species have a similar karyotypic macrostructure, the results of this
work show that in some species ribosomal genes may serve as species-specific markers when used in conjunction
with other putatively synapomorphic features.
Key words: chromosomal markers, fish cytogenetics, NOR, ribosomal genes.
Received: January 25, 2008; Accepted: June 17, 2008.
Introduction
The advent of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
has made it possible to map specific DNA sequences in
plants and animals. In fish, the location of ribosomal genes
(45S and 5S rDNA) has been widely used to characterize
species and populations and/or to establish evolutionary re
-
lationships. Two important features have contributed to the
widespread use of FISH with ribosomal DNA probes,
namely, the organization of rRNA genes that consist of
multiple repeats and the presence of highly conserved nu
-
cleotide sequences that are very similar among eukaryotes
in general.
Fish of the genus Triportheus, popularly known as
“sardinhas de água doce”, “sardela” or “sardinha facão”,
have a widespread distribution throughout South America,
ranging from Colombia to Uruguay. These fish, which may
reach 20-24 cm in length, are an important source of food in
certain regions of Brazil such as the Amazon. In a recent re
-
view of the genus, Malabarba (2004) considered 16 valid
species, with some of the names being regarded as syn
-
onyms whereas other new species were described. Among
the nomenclatural changes introduced in this revision, it
was included T. elongatus as synonymous of T. auritus, T.
flavus as synonymous of T. angulatus and T. paranensis as
synonymous of T. nematurus. This updated nomenclature
was used in the present report, concerning the species now
investigated as well as other species previously analyzed.
The first cytogenetic studies of Triportheus were
done by Falcão (Falcão JN, PhD thesis, University of São
Paulo, Brazil, 1988) who analyzed the species T. albus, T.
culter, T. auritus, T. angulatus and T. cf. signatus, followed
by reports for T. guentheri, T. cf. auritus and distinct popu
-
lations of T. nematurus (Bertollo and Cavallaro, 1992;
Sánchez and Jorge, 1999; Artoni et al., 2001; Artoni and
Bertollo, 2002; Diniz et al., 2008) and T. venezuelensis
(Nirchio et al., 2007). All of these species and populations
share a common diploid number, 2n = 52, and a very similar
karyotypic macrostructure composed mainly of meta/sub
-
metacentric chromosomes and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome
system. The Z chromosome is the largest in the karyotype,
whereas the morphology and size of the W chromosome are
characteristic of each species, but always smaller than the Z
element and nearly entirely heterochromatic (Falcão, op.
cit.; Bertollo and Cavallaro, 1992; Sánchez and Jorge,
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32, 1, 37-41 (2009)
Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil
www.sbg.org.br
Send correspondence to Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo. Departa
-
mento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
E-mail: bertollo@power.ufscar.br.
Research Article
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