2
1. Table of contents
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................2
2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................4
3. ABOUT SLAM........................................................................................................................6
4. THE HARDWARE..................................................................................................................7
THE ROBOT.....................................................................................................................................7
THE RANGE MEASUREMENT DEVICE.................................................................................................8
5. THE SLAM PROCESS.........................................................................................................10
6. LASER DATA.......................................................................................................................14
7. ODOMETRY DATA.............................................................................................................15
8. LANDMARKS.......................................................................................................................16
9. LANDMARK EXTRACTION..............................................................................................19
SPIKE LANDMARKS .......................................................................................................................19
RANSAC.....................................................................................................................................20
MULTIPLE STRATEGIES..................................................................................................................24
10. DATA ASSOCIATION.....................................................................................................25
11. THE EKF ..........................................................................................................................28
OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESS ..........................................................................................................28
THE MATRICES..............................................................................................................................29
The system state: X..................................................................................................................29
The covariance matrix: P.........................................................................................................30
The Kalman gain: K.................................................................................................................31
The Jacobian of the measurement model: H .............................................................................31
The Jacobian of the prediction model: A ..................................................................................33
The SLAM specific Jacobians: J
xr
and J
z
..................................................................................34
The process noise: Q and W.....................................................................................................35
The measurement noise: R and V .............................................................................................35
STEP 1: UPDATE CURRENT STATE USING THE ODOMETRY DATA.......................................................36
STEP 2: UPDATE STATE FROM RE-OBSERVED LANDMARKS ..............................................................37
STEP 3: ADD NEW LANDMARKS TO THE CURRENT STATE .................................................................39
12. FINAL REMARKS...........................................................................................................41