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车辆轨迹预测是无人车技术研究领域的重点技术之一,对智能车周围环境车辆的运动轨迹进行准确地预测,有利于智能车安全舒适地行驶。本文针对现有方法预测精度不足的问题,首先提出了一个改进LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory,长短期记忆网络)分类模型识别车辆行为,然后提出了一个结合车辆行为识别的轨迹预测模型,该模型能充分考虑车辆自身状态信息、行为信息和交互信息,并在此基础上提出了一个加速度推算轨迹优化算法,使预测轨迹更加准确。本文的主要工作及创新点包括: (一)本文提出了一种基于改进LSTM分类模型的车辆行为识别方法。本文在传统LSTM分类模型的基础上,对传统LSTM分类模型进行了改进,得到了一个改进LSTM分类模型,得到了较好的车辆行为识别效果,并与传统的机器学习方法、MLP模型和传统LSTM分类模型分别做了对比,均取得了更好的识别效果。 (二)本文在车辆行为识别模型的基础上,基于LSTM提出了一种轨迹预测模型,最后提出一种加速度推算轨迹优化算法,并在NGSIM数据集上进行了仿真实验,并与不结合车辆行为识别的方法和直接输出预测轨迹的方法分别做了对比,均取得了更好的实验效果,证明
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I
摘 要
II
摘 要
车辆轨迹预测是无人车技术研究领域的重点技术之一,对智能车周围环
境车辆的运动轨迹进行准确地预测,有利于智能车安全舒适地行驶。本文针对
现有方法预测精度不足的问题,首先提出了一个改进 LSTM(Long Short-Term
Memory,长短期记忆网络)分类模型识别车辆行为,然后提出了一个结合车辆
行为识别的轨迹预测模型,该 模型能充分考虑车辆自身状态信息、行为信息和
交互信息,并在此基础上提出了一个加速度推算轨迹优化算法,使预测轨迹更
加准确。本文的主要工作及创新点包括:
(一)本文提出了一种基于改进 LSTM 分类模型的车辆行为识别方法。
本文在传统 LSTM 分类模型的基础上,对传统 LSTM 分类模型进行了改进,
得到了一个改进 LSTM 分类模型,得到了较好的车辆行为识别效果,并与传
统的机器学习方法、MLP 模型和传统 LSTM 分类模型分别做了对比,均取得
了更好的识别效果。
(二)本文在车辆行为识别模型的基础上,基于 LSTM 提出了一种轨迹
预测模型,最后提出一种加速度推算轨迹优化算法,并在 NGSIM 数据集上进
行了仿真实验,并与不结合车辆行为识别的方法和直接输出预测轨迹的方法
分别做了对比,均取得了更好的实验效果,证明了本文所提方法的有效性。
(三)本文在仿真实验的基础上,进行了实车实验,取得了较好的实验效
果。首先采集了实车数据集,然后使用实车数据集分别训练车辆行为识别模型
和车辆轨迹预测模型,最后使用 libtorch 库将模型迁移到智能车上进行实车实
验,取得了较好的实车实验效果。
关键词:智能车; 环境车辆; LSTM; 行为识别; 轨迹预测
Abstract
III
Abstract
Vehicle trajectory prediction is one of the key technologies in the research field
of unmanned vehicle technology.Accurate prediction of the motion trajectory of
vehicles in the surrounding environment of intelligent vehicles is conducive to the
safe and comfortable driving of intelligent vehicles.In this paper,in order to solve the
problem of insufficient prediction accuracy of existing methods,this paper first
proposes an improved LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory) classification model to
identify vehicle behavior, and then proposes a trajectory prediction model combined
with vehicle behavior recognition, which can fully consider vehicle state
information,behavior information and interactive information. On this basis, an
acceleration trajectory optimization algorithm is proposed to make the prediction
trajectory more accurate.The main work and innovations of this paper include:
(1)A vehicle behavior recognition method based on improved LSTM
classification model is proposed in this paper.In this paper,based on the traditional
LSTM classification model, the traditional LSTM classification model is improved,
an improved LSTM classification model is obtained, and a better vehicle behavior
recognition effect is obtained.Compared with the traditional machine learning
method,MLP model and traditional LSTM classification model,better recognition
results are obtained.
(2)Based on the vehicle behavior recognition model,a trajectory predictio
n model is proposed based on LSTM. Finally, an acceleration trajectory opti
mization algorithm is proposed, and simulation experiments are carried out o
n the NGSIM data set. Compared with the method without vehicle behavior
recognition and the method of direct output trajectory prediction, better expe
Abstract
IV
rimental results are obtained,which proves the effectiveness of the proposed
method.
(3)On the basis of simulation experiments,real car experiments have bee
n carried out and good results have been obtained.First of all, the real vehic
le data set is collected, and then the real vehicle data set is used to train t
he vehicle behavior recognition model and the vehicle trajectory prediction
model respectively. Finally, the model is transferred to the smart car to carr
y on the real vehicle experiment,and a good experimental result is obtained.
Key words:Intelligent vehicle;environmental vehicle;LSTM;Behavior recogniti
on;Trajectory prediction
目 录
V
目 录
诚 信 声 明 ···················································· 错误!未定义书签。
授 权 声 明 ···················································· 错误!未定义书签。
中文摘要 ···················································································· II
英文摘要 ··················································································· III
目 录 ······················································································· V
第一章 绪论 ·············································································· 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ...................................................................................... 2
1.3 车辆轨迹预测方法的优缺点 .................................................................. 6
1.4 论文主要内容与章节安排 ...................................................................... 8
第二章 LSTM 的发展和原理推导 ················································· 10
2.1 LSTM 的发展历史 ................................................................................. 10
2.2 LSTM 的工作原理 ................................................................................. 12
2.3 LSTM 的应用 ......................................................................................... 23
2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................ 25
第三章 基于改进 LSTM 分类模型的车辆行为识别方法 ····················· 26
3.1 车辆行为介绍 ........................................................................................ 26
3.2 车辆行为数据集和预处理 .................................................................... 29
3.3 改进 LSTM 分类模型的实现方法 ....................................................... 30
3.4 车辆行为识别模型仿真实验 ................................................................ 33
3.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................ 38
第四章 基于单双向 LSTM 的车辆轨迹预测 ···································· 40
4.1 车辆轨迹预测方法总体实现流程 ......................................................... 40
4.2 车辆轨迹预测模型实现方法 ................................................................ 42
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