XXX 大学（学院）
本科生毕业设计
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目 录
第 1 章 引言...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题研究现状..................................................................................................................1
1.2 目的与意义......................................................................................................................1
1.3 课题研究的内容............................................................................................................2
第 2 章 系统总体方案设计.......................................................................................................2
2.1 设计要求..........................................................................................................................2
2.2 方案选择..........................................................................................................................2
第 3 章 整体设计框架...............................................................................................................3
3.1 整体设计框架..................................................................................................................3
第 4 章 系统硬件设计...............................................................................................................4
4.1 智能小车整体硬件方案设计..........................................................................................4
4.2 51 单片机最小系统模块..................................................................................................4
4.3 1621LCD 显示模块..........................................................................................................5
4.4 红外线模块......................................................................................................................6
4.5 超声波模块......................................................................................................................7
4.6 L298N 电机驱动模块 ......................................................................................................8
第 5 章 系统软件设计...............................................................................................................9
5.1 程序语言及开发环境......................................................................................................9
5.2 程序流程图设计............................................................................................................10
5.2.1 总体程序设计.........................................................................................................10
5.2.2 LCD1602 显示屏程序设计.....................................................................................10
5.2.3 红外遥控程序设计.................................................................................................11
第 6 章 硬件组装与调试.........................................................................................................12
6.1 元器件的选择与测量....................................................................................................12
6.2 电路板的焊接................................................................................................................12
6.3 实物的调试....................................................................................................................13
6.3.1 调试步骤.................................................................................................................13
第 7 章 总结.............................................................................................................................14
感谢...........................................................................................................................................14
参考文献...................................................................................................................................15
附 录.......................................................................................................................................17
附录一 原理图.....................................................................................................................17
附录二 PCB 图 ....................................................................................................................17
I
摘 要
随着我国经济文化快速发展和科技的创新，智能化的研究明显是我国追赶世界科技
水平的紧急任务。通过亲自制造一个智能小车系统，有助于提高我们设计智能化系统的
能力和对智能化技术的理解。通过对本设计可提高电子设计和单片机编程的兴趣和能力，
具有一定的现实和实用价值。
本次设计的智能小车要完成完成跟踪、循迹、避障和红外遥控的功能等基本功能。
本文正是针对这一需求，开发设计了一种智能小车控制系统。它以 AT89C51 单片机为控
制核心，再加上简单的外围电路，并且采用红外探测器、超声波探测器等传感器材料检
测信号和障碍物，驱动电路即是使用了 L298 模块。智能化小车系统里的物体避障、黑
线红线的循迹、红外遥控的技术都用到了创新型的技术。
本次设计从单片机的最小系统到电机控制电路、红外线对管的自动寻迹和超声波避
障，完成各种模块设计，通过调试检测各个模块得到正确的信号输出，再通过单片机实
现其应有的功能
基于电子电路设计的热爱与研究有利于研发更多智能车辆，这将使得我们的生活更
加智能化和便利化。
关键词：智能小车；红外；避障
II
INTRODUCTION
With the rapid development of China's economy and culture and the innovation of
science and technology, the research on intelligence is obviously an urgent task for China to
catch up with the world level of science and technology. Making an intelligent car system by
hand is helpful to improve our ability to design intelligent system and our understanding of
intelligent technology. Intelligent vehicle system is an intelligent integrated system, which has
the advantages of improving the environment, optimizing decision-making and intelligent
assisted driving. Nowadays, the development of new intelligent technology is very fast, and
there are also remarkable achievements from the simplest intelligent toys to the Internet of
things industry and other industries.
The intelligent car designed this time should complete the basic functions of tracking,
tracking, obstacle avoidance and infrared remote control.
Aiming at this demand, this paper develops and designs an intelligent car control system.
It takes AT89C51 single chip microcomputer as the control core, simple peripheral circuit,
infrared detector, ultrasonic detector and other sensors to detect signals and obstacles, and
L298 module is used to drive the motor. The intelligent car and infrared tracking system use
the intelligent car and infrared tracking technology.
Machine vision needs a lot of computation, and it can only recognize some simple targets
in structured environment. The core device of vision sensor is camera tube or CCD. At
present, CCD can focus automatically. However, the price, volume and use mode of CCD
sensor are not dominant. Therefore, it is a practical and effective method to consider using
infrared detector, ultrasonic detector and other sensor materials to detect signals and obstacles
in a system that does not require clear images but only rough feeling.
The love and research based on electronic circuit design is conducive to the development
of more intelligent vehicles, which will make our life more intelligent and convenient.
KEYWORDS: Smart car; infra-red; Obstacle avoidance
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