Foundations and Trends
R
in
Electronic Design Automation
Vol. 2, No. 2 (2007) 135–253
c
2008 I. Kuon, R. Tessier and J. Rose
DOI: 10.1561/1000000005
FPGA Architecture: Survey
and Challenges
Ian Kuon
1
, Russell Tessier
2
and Jonathan Rose
1
1
The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
{ikuon, jayar}@eecg.utoronto.ca
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA, tessier@ecs.umass.edu
Abstract
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become one of the key
digital circuit implementation media over the last decade. A crucial part
of their creation lies in their architecture, which governs the nature of
their programmable logic functionality and their programmable inter-
connect. FPGA architecture has a dramatic effect on the quality of the
final device’s speed performance, area efficiency, and power consump-
tion. This survey reviews the historical development of programmable
logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the pro-
grammability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings
gleaned from research on architectures. We include a survey of the key
elements of modern commercial FPGA architecture, and look toward
future trends in the field.
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