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2022年数字城市指数(英).pdf
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2022年数字城市指数(英).pdf
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© The Economist Group 2022
Digital Cities Index 2022
Making digital work for cities: A global benchmark of urban technology
2
Preface
The Digital Cities Index (DCI) 2022, developed by Economist Impact and
supported by NEC, considers four key pillars of digital connectivity, services,
culture and sustainability in order to assess the extent and impact of
digitisation in 30 global cities. This white paper refers to the first iteration
of the DCI, which is based on a dynamic benchmarking model constructed
from 48 qualitative and quantitative indicators.
The research team included Pratima Singh, Ritu Bhandari, Satvinderjit Kaur,
Jordan Lee and Sakshi Tokas. This white paper was written by Adam Green.
Economist Impact would like to thank the following experts for sharing their
time and insights.
• Tom van Arman, Founder and Director, Tapp
• Léan Doody, European Cities, Planning and Design Leader, Arup
• Tom Gao, Chief Technology and Digital Services Ocer, City of Sydney
• Jolie Hodson, CEO, Spark
• David Hopping, CEO, Siemens Smart Infrastructure Solutions & Services
• Simon Hunter, Executive Director, New South Wales Department of
Planning and Environment
• Philipp Rode, Executive Director, LSE Cities at the London School of
Economics
• Dr James Tee, CEO, Smart City & Urban Tech, Green Packet Berhad
• James Thurston, Vice President for Global Strategy and Development,
G3ict
• Anthony Townsend, Urbanist in Residence, Cornell Tech, Jacobs Urban
Tech Hub
• David Williams, CEO, Arqit
© The Economist Group 2022
Digital Cities Index 2022
Making digital work for cities: A global benchmark of urban technology
3
Table of contents
4 Executive Summary
7 Introduction
10 Chapter 1: Connectivity
15 Chapter 2: Services
21 Chapter 3: Culture
27 Chapter 4: Sustainability
31 Conclusion
34 Appendix 1: Digital Cities Index 2022 methodology
49 Appendix 2: Digital Cities Index 2022 results
© The Economist Group 2022
Digital Cities Index 2022
Making digital work for cities: A global benchmark of urban technology
4
Executive summary
Over the last decade, cities across the world
have built digital infrastructure and embedded
digital technologies into urban services. A suite
of frontier capabilities—artificial intelligence (AI),
the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing
and 5G connectivity—are all oering municipal
authorities a powerful set of tools to make cities
smarter, safer, cleaner and more inclusive.
Yet the digital transformation of cities is
a complex, long-term process with many
challenges and pitfalls, including inappropriate
technology, vendor “lock-in”, cost and even
social backlash and opposition. Cities now have
a decade of experience to draw from to ensure
they make the optimal choices in terms of
technology design, acquisition, deployment and
monitoring.
The Digital Cities Index (DCI) 2022 is an
inaugural ranking of 30 global cities across four
thematic pillars: connectivity, services, culture
and sustainability. Combining quantitative and
qualitative analysis, and including a survey of
3,000 residents spread across all cities in the
DCI, the results show how cities are performing
in terms of both quantitative metrics like
internet speed and qualitative factors such as
the presence of strategies, policies and plans for
technologies like 5G and AI. The key findings of
the DCI and white paper are as follows:
Connectivity
• Cities can close the connectivity gap. In
many cities in the DCI, connectivity levels are
too low or limited to allow for comprehensive
digital transformation, with half of the cities
scoring below 70 out of 100. Unaordable,
unreliable or inaccessible internet services will
impact many city-level goals—especially during
the covid-19 pandemic era when, for example,
socioeconomically disadvantaged children
have been unable to access online learning
resources even in high-income areas. However,
prompted by the pandemic, municipalities
across the world, from Washington DC to
Jakarta, have stepped up their investments in
connectivity, such as oering free Wi-Fi and
adding hotspots—in some cases for the first
time—potentially creating a new era of more
direct intervention to address digital divides.
• Cities are “5G-ready” but rollout needs
to be comprehensive to enable the full
realisation of intelligent cities. The DCI
cities overwhelmingly recognise and support
5G, with all but one having a strategy in place
either in a national or local initiative, while
recognising multiple use-case applications
such as fixed wireless access, enhanced
mobile broadband, massive machine-type
communications and the IoT. All but one city
© The Economist Group 2022
Digital Cities Index 2022
Making digital work for cities: A global benchmark of urban technology
5
have deployed 5G, whether in pilots and
testing or for commercial use. Urban 5G has
to date focused on site-specific initiatives like
industrial facilities, sporting events, smart
districts and critical transport infrastructures
such as ports. To be truly transformational
in areas like autonomous transport, 5G
needs to be ubiquitous and comprehensive,
which will require greater private sector
investment, new partnership models between
telecommunications companies and an
enabling regulatory environment.
Services
• E-government service leaders are found
in both the high and emerging income
categories. Singapore leads the world in
e-government services for residents and
businesses due to a mobile digital national
ID card programme and a comprehensive
e-government service portal for residents
and businesses. New Delhi ranks third in
e-government services for residents and
businesses, due in part to Aadhaar, the
country’s groundbreaking national digital
identity scheme, as well as eorts beyond the
national ID scheme, with a major increase
in digital engagement during the pandemic.
India’s severe covid-19 crisis was likely a
stimulus for governments and citizens
to explore ways of avoiding crowds and
transacting online.
• Cities are embracing the health benefits
of digital. The DCI measures city healthcare
performance across three indicators: the
presence and adoption of telehealth and
telemedicine; electronic health records; and
pandemic-related applications. The majority
of cities scored above 75, indicating a broad-
based application of digital health tools to
support urban wellbeing. The pandemic
has been a significant catalyst, with the vast
majority of cities having pandemic-related
apps in place and available for testing and
contact tracing. Urban health institutions
are also using telehealth to improve citizen
wellbeing, especially for non-communicable
diseases such as diabetes requiring ongoing
monitoring, and for lifestyle tracking,
awareness-raising and community-building
around healthy lifestyles.
• Asian cities dominate in digital finance.
Asia is home to five out of the top ten cities in
the DCI, with Beijing, Seoul and Hong Kong the
top three. This outperformance reflects Asia’s
lead in digital payments and is due in part to
the density of population and transactions in
these cities. China and India are world leaders
in digital finance and payment infrastructure
innovation in terms of both supportive
government regulation and private sector
innovation, which in turn enable more digital
payments in their respective cities, including
for urban services such as public transport.
Culture
• Digital skills levels and satisfaction with
e-government portals are significantly
higher in emerging-market cities,
especially in Asia. The Economist Impact
survey reveals that self-reported digital skills—
from basic functional skills to more advanced
competencies such as coding, troubleshooting
technical issues and mitigating cyber threats—
are highest in emerging-market cities, with
New Delhi, Dubai, Jakarta, Beijing, Mexico
City, Manila and Bangkok the top seven cities.
This likely reflects the greater gains that digital
platforms have for daily life in infrastructure-
poor geographies where citizens face more
constraints, such as a lack of access to bricks-
and-mortar banking services. Our survey also
found that trust in e-government is highest in
emerging-market cities in general and, on a
regional basis, in Asia. Urban-dwellers on the
continent have the highest levels of satisfaction
and trust in online services oered by their
government.
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