ShanghaiRanking's efforts on
ranking of world universities by
subjects started in 2009. At the
beginning, the ranking included
only 5 subjects and it adopted the
methodology used in Academic
Ranking of World Universities
(ARWU) with minor changes. In
2017, by introducing improved
methodology, the Global Ranking
of Academic Subjects (GRAS) was
extended to cover more than 50
subjects. This year we are very glad
to present the results of GRAS in 54
subjects across Natural Sciences,
Engineering, Life Sciences, Medical
Sciences, and Social Sciences to
the students, scholars, higher
education leaders and policymakers
worldwide.
The key feature of GRAS is that
all the measures are objective,
which distinguishes it from other
subject rankings with respect to
transparency, understandability
and reliability. Another unique
advantage of GRAS is that two
out of five ranking indicators
are constructed based on the
input from top scholars through
ShanghaiRanking’s Academic
Excellence Survey project. Academic
Excellence Survey is different from
those surveys conducted by other
ranking agencies. The Survey
invited deans, chairs and heads of
academic units from the world’s Top
100 universities to list the criteria
for academic excellence, such as
the most prestigious awards and
journals, other than asking them
to nominate the best universities
in the world that they may know
little about. In addition, the Survey
is very transparent. Those who are
willing to give their opinion should
agree to make public their names
and affiliations, and the Academic
Excellence Survey is open all the
time and the results is updated
every year. In 2021, 32 international
awards, 164 top journals, and 26
top conferences for Computer
Science & Engineering based on
Academic Excellence Survey are
used in the production of GRAS.
With the strength of objective
measures and the important
contribution by the best scholars
in the world (these scholars are not
responsible for ranking results),
I believe that ShanghaiRanking’s
GRAS is able to provide a sound
view on the global competitiveness
of thousands of universities in
ranked subjects.
Foreword
Dr. Ying Cheng
CEO, ShanghaiRanking
001
2021 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects
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