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About the Authors
David Money Harris is an associate professor of engineering at Harvey
Mudd College. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from
Stanford University and his M.Eng. in electrical engineering and com-
puter science from MIT. Before attending Stanford, he worked at Intel as
a logic and circuit designer on the Itanium and Pentium II processors.
Since then, he has consulted at Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard,
Evans & Sutherland, and other design companies.
David’s passions include teaching, building chips, and exploring the
outdoors. When he is not at work, he can usually be found hiking,
mountaineering, or rock climbing. He particularly enjoys hiking with his
son, Abraham, who was born at the start of this book project. David
holds about a dozen patents and is the author of three other textbooks
on chip design, as well as two guidebooks to the Southern California
mountains.
Sarah L. Harris is an assistant professor of engineering at Harvey Mudd
College. She received her Ph.D. and M.S. in electrical engineering from
Stanford University. Before attending Stanford, she received a B.S. in elec-
trical and computer engineering from Brigham Young University. Sarah
has also worked with Hewlett-Packard, the San Diego Supercomputer
Center, Nvidia, and Microsoft Research in Beijing.
Sarah loves teaching, exploring and developing new technologies,
traveling, wind surfing, rock climbing, and playing the guitar. Her recent
exploits include researching sketching interfaces for digital circuit design,
acting as a science correspondent for a National Public Radio affiliate,
and learning how to kite surf. She speaks four languages and looks for-
ward to adding a few more to the list in the near future.
Prelims.qxd 1/31/07 8:22 PM Page iv
xvii
Preface
Why publish yet another book on digital design and computer architec-
ture? There are dozens of good books in print on digital design. There
are also several good books about computer architecture, especially the
classic texts of Patterson and Hennessy. This book is unique in its treat-
ment in that it presents digital logic design from the perspective of com-
puter architecture, starting at the beginning with 1’s and 0’s, and leading
students through the design of a MIPS microprocessor.
We have used several editions of Patterson and Hennessy’s
Computer Organization and Design (COD) for many years at Harvey
Mudd College. We particularly like their coverage of the MIPS architec-
ture and microarchitecture because MIPS is a commercially successful
microprocessor architecture, yet it is simple enough to clearly explain
and build in an introductory class. Because our class has no prerequi-
sites, the first half of the semester is dedicated to digital design, which is
not covered by COD. Other universities have indicated a need for a
book that combines digital design and computer architecture. We have
undertaken to prepare such a book.
We believe that building a microprocessor is a special rite of passage
for engineering and computer science students. The inner workings of a
processor seem almost magical to the uninitiated, yet prove to be
straightforward when carefully explained. Digital design in itself is a
powerful and exciting subject. Assembly language programming unveils
the inner language spoken by the processor. Microarchitecture is the link
that brings it all together.
This book is suitable for a rapid-paced, single-semester introduc-
tion to digital design and computer architecture or for a two-quarter or
two-semester sequence giving more time to digest the material and
experiment in the lab. The only prerequisite is basic familiarity with a
high-level programming language such as C, C++, or Java. The mate-
rial is usually taught at the sophomore- or junior-year level, but may
also be accessible to bright freshmen who have some programming
experience.
Prelims.qxd 1/31/07 8:22 PM Page xvii
FEATURES
This book offers a number of special features.
Side-by-Side Coverage of Verilog and VHDL
Hardware description languages (HDLs) are at the center of modern dig-
ital design practices. Unfortunately, designers are evenly split between
the two dominant languages, Verilog and VHDL. This book introduces
HDLs in Chapter 4 as soon as combinational and sequential logic design
has been covered. HDLs are then used in Chapters 5 and 7 to design
larger building blocks and entire processors. Nevertheless, Chapter 4 can
be skipped and the later chapters are still accessible for courses that
choose not to cover HDLs.
This book is unique in its side-by-side presentation of Verilog and
VHDL, enabling the reader to quickly compare and contrast the two
languages. Chapter 4 describes principles applying to both HDLs, then
provides language-specific syntax and examples in adjacent columns.
This side-by-side treatment makes it easy for an instructor to choose
either HDL, and for the reader to transition from one to the other, either
in a class or in professional practice.
Classic MIPS Architecture and Microarchitecture
Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the MIPS architecture adapted from the treat-
ment of Patterson and Hennessy. MIPS is an ideal architecture because it is a
real architecture shipped in millions of products yearly, yet it is streamlined
and easy to learn. Moreover, hundreds of universities around the world
have developed pedagogy, labs, and tools around the MIPS architecture.
Real-World Perspectives
Chapters 6, 7, and 8 illustrate the architecture, microarchitecture, and
memory hierarchy of Intel IA-32 processors. These real-world perspec-
tive chapters show how the concepts in the chapter relate to the chips
found in most PCs.
Accessible Overview of Advanced Microarchitecture
Chapter 7 includes an overview of modern high-performance microar-
chitectural features including branch prediction, superscalar and out-of-
order operation, multithreading, and multicore processors. The
treatment is accessible to a student in a first course and shows how the
microarchitectures in the book can be extended to modern processors.
End-of-Chapter Exercises and Interview Questions
The best way to learn digital design is to do it. Each chapter ends with
numerous exercises to practice the material. The exercises are followed
by a set of interview questions that our industrial colleagues have asked
students applying for work in the field. These questions provide a helpful
xviii
PREFACE
Prelims.qxd 1/31/07 8:22 PM Page xviii
glimpse into the types of problems job applicants will typically encounter
during the interview process. (Exercise solutions are available via the
book’s companion and instructor Web pages. For more details, see the
next section, Online Supplements.)
ONLINE SUPPLEMENTS
Supplementary materials are available online at textbooks.elsevier.com/
9780123704979. This companion site (accessible to all readers) includes:
Solutions to odd-numbered exercises
Links to professional-strength computer-aided design (CAD) tools
from Xilinx
®
and Synplicity
®
Link to PCSPIM, a Windows-based MIPS simulator
Hardware description language (HDL) code for the MIPS processor
Xilinx Project Navigator helpful hints
Lecture slides in PowerPoint (PPT) format
Sample course and lab materials
List of errata
The instructor site (linked to the companion site and accessible to
adopters who register at textbooks.elsevier.com) includes:
Solutions to even-numbered exercises
Links to professional-strength computer-aided design (CAD) tools
from Xilinx
®
and Synplicity
®
. (Instructors from qualified universi-
ties can access free Synplicity tools for use in their classroom and
laboratories. More details are available at the instructor site.)
Figures from the text in JPG and PPT formats
Additional details on using the Xilinx, Synplicity, and PCSPIM tools in
your course are provided in the next section. Details on the sample lab
materials are also provided here.
HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE TOOLS IN A COURSE
Xilinx ISE WebPACK
Xilinx ISE WebPACK is a free version of the professional-strength Xilinx
ISE Foundation FPGA design tools. It allows students to enter their digi-
tal designs in schematic or using either the Verilog or VHDL hardware
description language (HDL). After entering the design, students can
PREFACE xix
Prelims.qxd 1/31/07 8:22 PM Page xix
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