独立主格结构是一种在英语中常见的非谓语形式,它在句子中起到状语的作用,表达时间、原因、条件、伴随等关系。这种结构由两部分组成:一是独立的主语(通常是名词或代词),二是表示状态或动作的分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语。独立主格结构并不与句子的主要部分形成主谓关系,而是独立存在,通常在句首或句尾。
1. 独立主格结构的基本形式:
- 主格名词/代词 + 形容词:如"His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her."
- 主格名词/代词 + 副词:例如"The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room."
- 主格名词/代词 + 不定式:"We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home."
2. 独立主格结构与with复合结构的比较:
- 两者都能表达类似的意义,如时间、原因、条件、伴随等状语。
- with复合结构形式为:"with + 名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语",如"Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand."
- 独立主格结构形式为:"主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语",例如"Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace."
3. 独立主格结构的用法:
- 时间状语:如"With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south." 可以转化为"Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south."
- 原因状语:例如"With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves." 等同于"The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves."
- 条件状语:如"With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace." 相当于"Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace."
- 伴随状语:比如"The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed." 等同于"The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed."
4. 注意事项:
- 独立主格结构中不能出现动词的谓语形式,如"He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand." 这里的"was"应去掉。
- with复合结构可作后置定语修饰名词,如"Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers",而独立主格结构不具备这一功能。
独立主格结构和with复合结构在英语写作和口语中广泛使用,能增强句子的表现力和丰富性。了解并掌握这两种结构,对于提升英语表达的准确性和多样性至关重要。