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NVM Express（NVMe）是一种高速接口标准，用于在计算机系统中访问非易失性存储器，如固态硬盘（SSD）。NVMe-over-TCP（NVMe-oF）是NVMe的一个扩展，它允许通过TCP/IP网络进行远程数据访问，从而实现了存储设备的网络化。这份"NVMe Express TCP Transport Specification Revision 1.0"文档详细阐述了如何将NVMe协议映射到TCP传输层，以便在各种数据中心和云环境中实现高效、低延迟的存储通信。在NVMe-oF中，TCP（Transmission Control Protocol）被用作网络传输层协议，因为它具有广泛部署、高度可靠和良好性能的特性。TCP确保数据包在传输过程中按顺序到达，并且在数据丢失或错误时能进行重传，这对于需要高数据完整性和一致性的存储操作至关重要。NVMe-oF利用TCP的这些优点，使得远程存储设备可以像本地NVMe设备一样被高效地访问。该规范的1.0版本包含了NVMe-oF ECN001、ECN002和TP8011等增强特性。其中，ECN（Explicit Congestion Notification）可能涉及TCP中的拥塞控制机制，它允许网络节点向发送方指示网络拥塞，从而更有效地管理带宽资源。TP8011可能是指特定的传输协议或优化，旨在提高NVMe-oF的性能和效率。 NVMe-oF的主要优势在于其低延迟和高吞吐量。通过使用NVMe的命令集和队列结构，并结合TCP的网络功能，它能够实现接近于本地NVMe的速度，同时提供远程数据访问的能力。这对于需要跨多个服务器或数据中心共享存储资源的环境来说，是一种极具吸引力的解决方案。实施此规范时，会员需要遵守NVM Express, Inc.的知识产权政策和章程，而非会员则只能查看和引用文档，但不得修改或实施。引用此文档时，必须明确承认NVM Express, Inc.的版权。 "NVM Express TCP Transport Specification"为构建基于TCP的NVMe-oF系统提供了全面的技术指南，它推动了存储网络的现代化，提升了数据中心的性能和可扩展性。通过这个规范，开发者可以设计和实现高效的存储解决方案，以满足现代数据中心对速度、可伸缩性和灵活性的需求。

NVM Express

TCP Transport Specification

Revision 1.0

May 18th, 2021

Please send comments to info@nvmexpress.org

NVM Express

TCP Transport Specification Revision 1.0

NVM Express

TCP Transport Specification is available for download at http://nvmexpress.org. The

NVMe TCP Transport Specification revision 1.0 incorporates NVMe-oF ECN001, NVMe-oF ECN002 and

TP8011.

SPECIFICATION DISCLAIMER

LEGAL NOTICE:

This NVM Express TCP Transport Specification is proprietary to the NVM Express, Inc. (also referred to

as “Company”) and/or its successors and assigns.

NOTICE TO USERS WHO ARE NVM EXPRESS, INC. MEMBERS: Members of NVM Express, Inc. have

the right to use and implement this NVM Express TCP Transport Specification subject, however, to the

Member’s continued compliance with the Company’s Intellectual Property Policy and Bylaws and the

Member’s Participation Agreement.

NOTICE TO NON-MEMBERS OF NVM EXPRESS, INC.: If you are not a Member of NVM Express, Inc.

and you have obtained a copy of this document, you only have a right to review this document or make

reference to or cite this document. Any such references or citations to this document must acknowledge

NVM Express, Inc. copyright ownership of this document. The proper copyright citation or reference is as

references to this document you are not permitted to revise, alter, modify, make any derivatives of, or

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permission of NVM Express, Inc. Nothing contained in this document shall be deemed as granting you

any kind of license to implement or use this document or the specification described therein, or any of its

contents, either expressly or impliedly, or to any intellectual property owned or controlled by NVM

Express, Inc., including, without limitation, any trademarks of NVM Express, Inc.

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THIS DOCUMENT AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS”

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info@nvmexpress.org

NVM Express

TCP Transport Specification Revision 1.0

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5

1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 5

1.3 Conventions .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 6

1.5 References ..................................................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 6

2 TRANSPORT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 8

3 TRANSPORT BINDING ................................................................................................... 10

3.1 Setup & Initialization ..................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Queue Model Instantiation ............................................................................................................ 11

3.3 Data Transfer Model ..................................................................................................................... 11

3.4 Keep Alive Model .......................................................................................................................... 21

3.5 Error Handling Model .................................................................................................................... 21

3.6 Transport Specific Content ........................................................................................................... 22

NVM Express

TCP Transport Specification Revision 1.0

Table of Figures

Figure 1: NVMe Family of Specifications ....................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2: NVMe/TCP Acronym Descriptions .................................................................................................................. 6

Figure 3: NVMe/TCP PDU Structure .............................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 4: NVMe/TCP PDU Header ................................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 5: Multiple NVMe/TCP PDUs in a Single TCP/IP Packet .................................................................................... 9

Figure 6: NVMe/TCP PDU Spanning across TCP/IP Packets ....................................................................................... 9

Figure 7: NVMe/TCP Queue Establishment Sequence ................................................................................................ 10

Figure 8: Example of 64B PDU DATA Alignment in H2CData PDU ............................................................................. 12

Figure 9: Example of 64B PDU DATA Alignment in C2HData PDU ............................................................................. 12

Figure 10: NVMe/TCP PDU Types ............................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 11: NVMe/TCP Capsule Size ............................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 12: Host to Controller NVMe/TCP PDU Digests ................................................................................................ 14

Figure 13: Controller to Host NVMe/TCP PDU Digests ................................................................................................ 15

Figure 14: Command Data Buffer Transport SGL Data Block Descriptor .................................................................... 15

Figure 15: Controller to Host Data Transfer Example .................................................................................................. 17

Figure 16: Host to Controller Data Transfer Example .................................................................................................. 20

Figure 17: Transport Specific Address Subtype Definition for NVMe/TCP Transport ................................................... 22

Figure 18: {TLS PSK, TLS Identity, Hash} Tuple Derivation ........................................................................................ 25

Figure 19: PDU Common Header (CH) ........................................................................................................................ 27

Figure 20: Initialize Connection Request PDU (ICReq) ................................................................................................ 28

Figure 21: Initialize Connection Response PDU (ICResp) ........................................................................................... 28

Figure 22: Host to Controller Terminate Connection Request PDU (H2CTermReq) .................................................... 29

Figure 23: Controller to Host Terminate Connection Request PDU (C2HTermReq) .................................................... 30

Figure 24: Command Capsule PDU (CapsuleCmd) ..................................................................................................... 31

Figure 25: Response Capsule PDU (CapsuleResp) .................................................................................................... 31

Figure 26: Host To Controller Data Transfer PDU (H2CData) ..................................................................................... 32

Figure 27: Controller To Host Data Transfer PDU (C2HData) ..................................................................................... 33

Figure 28: Ready to Transfer PDU (R2T) ..................................................................................................................... 34