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SX1276、SX1277和SX1278是Semtech公司出品的一系列无线通信模块，它们拥有LoRa技术。LoRa是一种长距离低功耗的无线调制技术，特别适用于物联网(IoT)应用。LoRa技术由于其独特的扩展频谱调制方式，能提供极高的干扰免疫能力，同时具有很低的电流消耗。SX1276/77/78模块的频率范围介于137MHz至1020MHz之间，可广泛应用于多种无线应用。 SX1276/77/78模块的主要特点包括： - LoRa调制解调器：具备极高的接收灵敏度，可实现超过-148dBm的灵敏度，这对于使用低成本晶体和物料清单(BOM)的远距离通信至关重要。 - 最大链路预算高达168dB：结合集成的+20dBm功率放大器，能够提供业界领先的链路预算，使其成为需要长距离或高稳健性的应用场景的理想选择。 - 高性能FSK模式：支持包括WMBus、IEEE 802.15.4g在内的系统应用，提供优良的相位噪声、选择性和接收机线性以及更高的IIP3（三阶交调点），从而显著降低了功耗。 - 可编程数据速率：速率高达300kbps。 - 强固前端设计：输入三阶交点(IIP3)可达-11dBm，保证了在强干扰环境下仍能保持接收性能。 - 良好的阻塞和选择性：LoRa技术在阻塞和选择性方面相较于传统调制技术具有显著优势，解决了传统设计中稳健性和功耗之间的折衷问题。 - 低功耗接收电流：仅为9.9mA，且在待机模式下为200nA，有助于延长设备的待机时间和电池使用寿命。 - 高度集成的频率合成器：具有61Hz的分辨率，提供精确的频率控制。 - 多种调制方式：支持FSK、GFSK、MSK、GMSK、LoRa和OOK调制。 - 内置位同步器：用于时钟恢复。 - 帧同步检测和自动射频感知功能：配合超快的自动频率校正(AFC)能力。 - 封装形式为QFN28，并且可在-40°C至+85°C的温度范围内稳定运行，符合无铅、无卤素、符合RoHS/WEEE标准。这些模块的应用领域非常广泛，包括： - 自动抄表（如电表、水表、煤气表）。 - 家庭和楼宇自动化系统。 - 无线报警和安全系统。 - 工业监测和控制系统。 - 长距离灌溉系统。 SX1276/77/78系列LoRa模块是实现远距离、低功耗、高可靠无线通信的理想选择，能够满足各种物联网应用的需求。这些模块的设计和生产符合国际环保标准，保护了环境和用户的健康。

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SX1276/77/78

www.semtech.comPage 1

WIRELESS & SENSING DATASHEET

SX1276/77/78 - 137 MHz to 1020 MHz Low Power Long Range Transceiver

Rev. 1 - September 2013

The SX1276/77/78 transceivers feature the LoRa

long

range modem that provides ultra-long range spread

spectrum communication and high interference immunity

whilst minimising current consumption.

Using Semtech’s patented LoRa

modulation technique

SX1276/77/78 can achieve a sensitivity of over -148dBm

using a low cost crystal and bill of materials. The high

sensitivity combined with the integrated +20 dBm power

amplifier yields industry leading link budget making it

optimal for any application requiring range or robustness.

LoRa

also provides significant advantages in both

blocking and selectivity over conventional modulation

techniques, solving the traditional design compromise

between range, interference immunity and energy

consumption.

These devices also support high performance (G)FSK

modes for systems including WMBus, IEEE802.15.4g. The

SX1276/77/78 deliver exceptional phase noise, selectivity,

receiver linearity and IIP3 for significantly lower current

consumption than competing devices.

 QFN 28 Package - Operating Range [-40;+85°C]

 Pb-free, Halogen free, RoHS/WEEE compliant product

 LoRa

Modem

 168 dB maximum link budget

 +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs. V supply

 +14 dBm high efficiency PA

 Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps

 High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm

 Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -11 dBm

 Excellent blocking immunity

 Low RX current of 9.9 mA, 200 nA register retention

 Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz

 FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRa

and OOK modulation

 Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery

 Preamble detection

 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI

 Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC

 Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC

 Built-in temperature sensor and low battery indicator

 Automated Meter Reading.

 Home and Building Automation.

 Wireless Alarm and Security Systems.

 Industrial Monitoring and Control

 Long range Irrigation Systems

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

ORDERING INFORMATION

Part Number Delivery MOQ / Multiple

SX1276IMLTRT T&R 3000 pieces

SX1277IMLTRT T&R 3000 pieces

SX1278IMLTRT T&R 3000 pieces

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

www.semtech.comPage 2

Section Page

Table of contents

SX1276/77/78

WIRELESS & SENSING DATASHEET

Rev. 1 - September 2013

1. General Description ................................................................................................................................................. 9

1.1. Simplified Block Diagram ................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2. Product Versions ............................................................................................................................................10

1.3. Pin Diagram ................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.4. Pin Description ...............................................................................................................................................11

1.5. Package Marking ...........................................................................................................................................12

2. Electrical Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................... 13

2.1. ESD Notice .................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.2. Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................................................................................... 13

2.3. Operating Range............................................................................................................................................ 13

2.4. Thermal Properties ........................................................................................................................................ 13

2.5. Chip Specification ..........................................................................................................................................14

2.5.1. Power Consumption .................................................................................................................................. 14

2.5.2. Frequency Synthesis................................................................................................................................. 14

2.5.3. FSK/OOK Mode Receiver .........................................................................................................................16

2.5.4. FSK/OOK Mode Transmitter ..................................................................................................................... 17

2.5.5. Electrical Specification for LoRaTM Modulation ........................................................................................19

2.5.6. Digital Specification ...................................................................................................................................22

3. SX1276/77/78 Features......................................................................................................................................... 23

3.1. LoRaTM Modem ............................................................................................................................................ 24

3.2. FSK/OOK Modem .......................................................................................................................................... 24

4. SX1276/77/78 Digital Electronics .......................................................................................................................... 25

4.1. The LoRaTM Modem ..................................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1. Link Design Using the LoRaTM Modem ....................................................................................................26

4.1.2. LoRaTM Digital Interface ...........................................................................................................................33

4.1.3. Operation of the LoRaTM Modem............................................................................................................. 35

4.1.4. Frequency Settings ...................................................................................................................................36

4.1.5. LoRaTM Modem State Machine Sequences .............................................................................................37

4.1.6. Modem Status Indicators........................................................................................................................... 45

4.2. FSK/OOK Modem .......................................................................................................................................... 45

4.2.1. Bit Rate Setting ......................................................................................................................................... 45

4.2.2. FSK/OOK Transmission ............................................................................................................................ 46

4.2.3. FSK/OOK Reception ................................................................................................................................. 47

4.2.4. Operating Modes in FSK/OOK Mode ........................................................................................................ 53

4.2.5. Startup Times ............................................................................................................................................54

4.2.6. Receiver Startup Options .......................................................................................................................... 57

4.2.7. Receiver Restart Methods......................................................................................................................... 58

4.2.8. Top Level Sequencer ................................................................................................................................ 59

4.2.9. Data Processing in FSK/OOK Mode ......................................................................................................... 64

www.semtech.comPage 3

Section Page

Table of contents

SX1276/77/78

WIRELESS & SENSING DATASHEET

Rev. 1 - September 2013

4.2.10. FIFO ........................................................................................................................................................65

4.2.11. Digital IO Pins Mapping ...........................................................................................................................68

4.2.12. Continuous Mode ....................................................................................................................................69

4.2.13. Packet Mode ........................................................................................................................................... 70

4.2.14. io-homecontrol® Compatibility Mode ...................................................................................................... 78

4.3. SPI Interface ..................................................................................................................................................79

5. SX1276/77/78 Analog & RF Frontend Electronics................................................................................................. 80

5.1. Power Supply Strategy .................................................................................................................................. 80

5.2. Low Battery Detector ..................................................................................................................................... 80

5.3. Frequency Synthesis ..................................................................................................................................... 80

5.3.1. Crystal Oscillator ....................................................................................................................................... 80

5.3.2. CLKOUT Output ........................................................................................................................................ 81

5.3.3. PLL ............................................................................................................................................................ 81

5.3.4. RC Oscillator ............................................................................................................................................. 81

5.4. Transmitter Description ..................................................................................................................................82

5.4.1. Architecture Description ............................................................................................................................ 82

5.4.2. RF Power Amplifiers.................................................................................................................................. 82

5.4.3. High Power +20 dBm Operation ............................................................................................................... 83

5.4.4. Over Current Protection ............................................................................................................................84

5.5. Receiver Description...................................................................................................................................... 84

5.5.1. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 84

5.5.2. Receiver Enabled and Receiver Active States.......................................................................................... 84

5.5.3. Automatic Gain Control In FSK/OOK Mode .............................................................................................. 84

5.5.4. RSSI in FSK/OOK Mode ........................................................................................................................... 85

5.5.5. RSSI in LoRaTM Mode ............................................................................................................................. 86

5.5.6. Channel Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 86

5.5.7. Temperature Measurement....................................................................................................................... 87

6. Description of the Registers................................................................................................................................... 88

6.1. Register Table Summary ............................................................................................................................... 88

6.2. FSK/OOK Mode Register Map .......................................................................................................................91

6.3. Band Specific Additional Registers .............................................................................................................. 104

6.4. LoRaTM Mode Register Map....................................................................................................................... 106

7. Application Information ........................................................................................................................................ 112

7.1. Crystal Resonator Specification................................................................................................................... 112

7.2. Reset of the Chip ......................................................................................................................................... 112

7.2.1. POR......................................................................................................................................................... 112

7.2.2. Manual Reset ..........................................................................................................................................113

7.3. Top Sequencer: Listen Mode Examples ...................................................................................................... 113

7.3.1. Wake on Preamble Interrupt ................................................................................................................... 113

www.semtech.comPage 5

Section Page

Table of contents

SX1276/77/78

WIRELESS & SENSING DATASHEET

Rev. 1 - September 2013

Table 1. SX1276/77/78 Device Variants and Key Parameters ......................................................................................10

Table 2. Pin Description ................................................................................................................................................11

Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................................................13

Table 4. Operating Range .............................................................................................................................................13

Table 5. Thermal Properties ..........................................................................................................................................13

Table 6. Power Consumption Specification ...................................................................................................................14

Table 7. Frequency Synthesizer Specification ..............................................................................................................14

Table 8. FSK/OOK Receiver Specification ....................................................................................................................16

Table 9. Transmitter Specification .................................................................................................................................17

Table 10. LoRa Receiver Specification .........................................................................................................................19

Table 11. Digital Specification .......................................................................................................................................22

Table 12. Example LoRaTM Modem Performances, 868MHz Band .............................................................................25

Table 13. Range of Spreading Factors ..........................................................................................................................27

Table 14. Cyclic Coding Overhead ................................................................................................................................27

Table 15. LoRa Bandwidth Options ...............................................................................................................................28

Table 16. LoRaTM Operating Mode Functionality .........................................................................................................35

Table 17. LoRa CAD Consumption Figures ..................................................................................................................44

Table 18. DIO Mapping LoRaTM Mode .........................................................................................................................45

Table 19. Bit Rate Examples .........................................................................................................................................46

Table 20. Preamble Detector Settings ...........................................................................................................................52

Table 21. RxTrigger Settings to Enable Timeout Interrupts ..........................................................................................53

Table 22. Basic Transceiver Modes ..............................................................................................................................53

Table 23. Receiver Startup Time Summary ..................................................................................................................55

Table 24. Receiver Startup Options ..............................................................................................................................58

Table 25. Sequencer States ..........................................................................................................................................59

Table 26. Sequencer Transition Options .......................................................................................................................60

Table 27. Sequencer Timer Settings .............................................................................................................................62

Table 28. Status of FIFO when Switching Between Different Modes of the Chip .........................................................66

Table 29. DIO Mapping, Continuous Mode ...................................................................................................................68

Table 30. DIO Mapping, Packet Mode ..........................................................................................................................68

Table 31. CRC Description ...........................................................................................................................................76

Table 32. Frequency Bands ..........................................................................................................................................81

Table 33. Power Amplifier Mode Selection Truth Table ................................................................................................82

Table 34. High Power Settings ......................................................................................................................................83

Table 35. Operating Range, +20dBm Operation ...........................................................................................................83

Table 36. Operating Range, +20dBm Operation ...........................................................................................................83

Table 37. Trimming of the OCP Current ........................................................................................................................84

Table 38. LNA Gain Control and Performances ............................................................................................................85

Table 39. RssiSmoothing Options .................................................................................................................................85