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When I was in 7th grade, I had a lot of trouble reading. My mother used to sit by my side, and explain each paragraph of each school reading assignment to me because I didn't understand what I was reading. She would have to read each paragraph to me, and then after each paragraph, she summarized what we just read. In class, I tried to hide the fact that I couldn't read. My teachers gave us the last 10 minutes of class to start our reading homework, and I would sit there for the last ten minutes of class staring at the page, pretending I was reading it I remember a terrible feeling of not wanting to get in trouble for not being able to comprehend. I had to wait until I got home so my mother could explain it to me. How did I ever get into Cornell University? By eighth grade I started understanding a little on my own, but I was reading at an incredibly slow rate. In eighth grade, I got hold of all the speed reading books I could get my hands on. I read them all very slowly at the time. I even went out and took a course on speed reading. Then I developed my own system which was easier and produced quicker results. I started practicing these techniques every day, and as I started to read faster, my understanding increased. I found that I stopped daydreaming and thinking about other things while I was reading, and started getting the larger meaning. I was reading faster and comprehending better. I found that when you read slowly, word by word, you get lost in the words, lose the bigger picture, and your comprehension drops. When you read faster, your concentration actually increases and your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the overall picture. Learning a foreign language is not a matter of reading some grammar rules and memorizing some vocabulary words although those are important activities not to be ignored. Acquiring a language is learning a skill, not a body of information. It's as much like learning to swim or ride a bike as it is like learning about the Second World War. That is, you must not only understand the ideas and concepts, have information at hand, but also make your body accustomed to using that information in physical activity: in this case the physical activity involved is speaking, listening, writing and reading. You need, then, not only to memorize and understand, but also to practice! Here are a few brief suggestions on effective practice/ study techniques. 1. Make your mouth or hand do what your mind is learning. Study out loud. Do go to the lab and work on the tapes. Study with a friend, thus involving yourself in speaking and listening. Try to write sentences or a short paragraph using the skills you have practiced orally. 2. Study day-by-day. You cannot get by in a foreign language course by cramming at the last minute. You may be able to "learn" vocabulary items that way, but you cannot teach your mouth to use them in sentences. 3. Occasionally go back and review "old" topics and vocabulary. Language learning is cumulative. You learn new skills on the basis of old ones. The more you "recycle" familiar information and skills, the better you will be able to absorb new ones. 4. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. Self-consciousness can be a mighty obstacle to learning a language. Perhaps part of the reason small children readily acquire languages is that they are not afraid of making mistakes. Research shows that the average high school student will study four hours per week for any major test. The outcome of this four hours of study varies from an A to an F, which means that in high school grades are strongly determined by intelligence since everyone studies the same amount of time. But college is different. Most of the students are highly intelligent and each has plenty of time for self-study. To score high on any test, a college student has to work hard and, probably more importantly, know how to use his or her time most efficiently. The problem is that your study habits formed in high school may make you unable to study well in college because you have never experienced what it takes to perform at the college level. That is why the freshman year is the hardest year for all college students. Based on my extensive observation of student performances on college tests, I recommend the following study time per test: 6 hours per week for an A, 4 hours for a B, 3.5 hours for a C, 2.5 hours for a D and 0 hours for an F. An hour of study is defined as studying for 45 minutes and a break of 15 minutes. Ten hours of continuous study without a break is defined as one hour of study. The brain does not process and store information the way students prefer studying. Occasionally, some succeed by studying at the last minute, but they are exceptions to the rule. Research also suggests that the 10 percent of the students may need 5 to 6 times as much time to learn the same material as the fastest 10 percent. Each person is very likely to have strengths and weaknesses. Overcoming your weakness increases your strength. The typical conversation between Americans takes a form that can be called repartee. No one speaks for very long. Speakers take turns frequently, often after only a few sentences have been spoken. "Watching a conversation between two Americans is like watching a table tennis game," a British observer said. "Your head goes back and forth and back and forth so fast it almost makes your neck hurt." Americans tend to be impatient with people who take long turns. Such people are said to "talk too much." Many Americans have difficulty paying attention to someone who speaks more than a few sentences at a time, as Nigerians, Arabs, and some others do. Americans admire conciseness, or what they call "getting to the point." Americans engage in little ritual interaction. Only a few ritual greetings are common: "How are you?" "I'm fine, thank you," "Nice to meet you," and "Hope to see you again." These things are said in certain situations Americans learn to recognize, and, like any ritual greetings, are concerned more with form than with substance. That is, the questions are supposed to be asked and the statements are supposed to be made in particular situations, no matter what the people involved are feeling or what they really have in mind. In many Americans' opinions, people who rely heavily on ritual greetings are "too shy" or "too polite," unwilling to reveal their true natures and ideas. Americans are generally impatient with long ritual greetings about family members' health common among Latin Americans considering them a waste of time. You and your husband/ wife share many of the same points of view and basic values, but you find yourselves continually getting into arguments about significant matters. What's the problem? Is there something wrong with your partner, or the relationship? Before you blame yourself, you should be aware that these arguments may simply be caused by differences in your conversational style, or in how you approach a conversation. According to Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling book <i>You Just Don't Understand </i>, men and women view the world differently, and as a result, they speak and hear things differently. "A man sees the world," says Tannen, "as a hierarchical social order in which he's either one up or one down. In this world," she explains, "conversations are negotiations in which people try to achieve and maintain the upper hand if they can, and protect themselves from others' attempts to put them down and push them around." Women, on the other hand, view the world as a network of connections. "In this world," notes Tannen, "conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support. They try to protect themselves from others' attempts to push them away. "These different perspectives are established in chi