基于单片机出租车多功能计价器设计.doc

摘 要

随着社会的高度发展，出租车已经成为人们日常生活中必不可少的

代步工具，但由于各个地方的生活水平不同，导致物价存在一定的差异，

因此出租车的计费标准也不尽相同。这就要求我们设计出简易化、智能

化、计价精确、可移植、可靠性高的出租车计价器。

本次设计利用软件设计和硬件设计相结合，设计出具有性能可靠、

电路简单、成本低等特点的多功能计价器。由单片机AT89C51控制，使用

12MHz 晶振提供时钟信号,利用装在车轮上的霍尔传感器A44E发出的脉冲

个数来测速,因为本设计涉及到白天和黑夜的转换，通过AT24C02实现白

包括控制模块、里程传感模块、掉电保护模块、独立键盘电路、电源电

路、时钟显示模块部分。该系统设有五个按键（清除、查询/确认、停止、

白天/黑夜、功能选择）,进行相应的操作就可实现单程/往返模式选择、

停止计费、等待时间查询、清除复位等功能，使操作简单方便。

关键词：单片机; 霍尔传感器 A44E; LED 数码管；DS1302

Abstract

With the high degree of social development, the taxi has become an

everyday essential means of transport, but because of the different levels of

each of the local life, causing prices there are some differences, so taxis are

not the same accounting standards. This requires us to design a simple,

intelligent, accurate pricing, portable, high reliability taxi meter.

The design of the software and hardware design using the combination of

design with reliable performance, the circuit is simple and low cost

multifunction meter. Controlled by the microcontroller AT89C51 using

12MHz crystal oscillator provides the clock signal, the use of a wheel

mounted on the Hall sensor A44E number of pulses sent to the gun, as the

the total amount of the total fare and very intuitive in the LED digital tube

display, to achieve the purpose of the meter valuation fees. Moreover, this

design also adopted DS1302, can not denominated in the case as the clock

displays hours, minutes, seconds, the driver understand real-time. System

comprises a control module, mileage sensing module, power protection

module, separate keyboard circuit, power circuit, the clock display module

section. The system has five buttons (Clear, check / confirm, stop, day / night

function selection), the appropriate action can be achieved one way / return

mode selection, stop charging, waiting time queries, clear Reset function.

make operation simple and convenient.

1.2 单片机简介 .........................................2

1.2.1 单片机的基础知识 ................................2

1.2.2 单片机的发展历史、趋势及应用 ....................2

1.2.3 MCS-51 单片机的应用特性 .........................3

1.3 设计目的及要求................................4

1.3.1 设计任务 ........................................4

1.3.2 设计要求 ........................................4

1.3.3 系统主要功能 ....................................5

第二章 计价器硬件设计 ....................................6

2.1.出租车计价器方案论证 .................................6

2.8 指示灯电路设计 .......................................16

2.9 数码管显示电路设计 ...................................17

2.10 DS1302 时钟电路设计 .................................20

第三章 系统的软件设计 ...................................23

3.1 系统主程序设计 ......................................23

3.2 定时中断服务程序 ....................................24