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基于AT89S51单片机的余热锅炉蒸汽温度控制系统设计.doc
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基于AT89S51单片机的余热锅炉蒸汽温度控制系统设计.doc
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摘 要
过热蒸汽温度是影响余热锅炉安全运行的重要参数,蒸汽温度过高会使过热器壁
的金属强度下降,容易烧坏过热器。为了保证余热锅炉的正常运行,要针对余热锅炉
的特点设计控制系统,使出口蒸汽温度维持在一个设定值。
[1]
设计时采用单回路控制系统对余热锅炉的过热蒸汽温度进行控制,以 AT89S51
单片机为核心,包括温度采集模块、按键处理模块、温度显示模块、控制输出模块、
执行机构模块和通信模块等组成。
[12]
温度控制的关键在于测温和控温两个方面。温度
测量是温度控制的基础,这方面的技术比较成熟。但由于控制对象的越来越复杂,在
温度控制方面还存在许多问题。本论文采用 PID 算法锅炉温度控制系统的设计,并利
用仿真软件 Matlab/Simulink 对控制算法进行了仿真。
[21]
关键词:单回路 过热蒸汽 单片机 温度控制
II
ABSTRACT
The superheated steam temperature is an important parameter that affects the safe
operation of the waste heat boiler, the steam temperature is too high will make the metal
strength superheater wall down, easy to burn out. In order to ensure the normal operation
of waste heat boiler, to design characteristic of the control system for waste heat boiler,
the outlet steam temperature maintained at a set value.
Designed with a single loop control system for waste heat boiler superheated steam
temperature is controlled to AT89S51 microcontroller as the core, including temperature
acquisition module, the key processing module, temperature display module, the control
output module, actuator modules and communication modules and other components.
Temperature control is the key to both temperature and temperature. Temperature
measurements are the basis for temperature control, this technology is more mature.
However, due to more complex control object, the temperature control many problems still
exist. This paper uses the PID algorithm boiler temperature control system design, and the
use of simulation software MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation of the control algorithm.
Keywords: single loop superheated steam microcontroller
temperature control
III
目 录
摘 要...................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................II
第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................................1
1.1 设计的背景及意义 ....................................................................................1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................2
1.3 设计的目的............................................................................................4
第 2 章 余热锅炉蒸汽温度控制系统设计..........................................................6
2.1 控制方案选择............................................................................................6
2.1.1 影响过热蒸汽温度的因素 .................................................................6
2.1.2 单回路控制方案 .................................................................................9
2.1.3 串级控制方案 ....................................................................................10
2.1.4 前馈控制方案 ...................................................................................12
2.2 控制方案的比较和方案确定 ..................................................................14
2.2.1 控制方案的比较 ...............................................................................14
2.2.2 方案的确定.......................................................................................15
第 3 章 系统硬件设计 .......................................................................................17
3.1 系统结构框图..........................................................................................17
3.2 单片机与 8155 的接口电路 ....................................................................17
3.3 信号输入部分..........................................................................................18
3.3.1 温度信号采集与处理 .......................................................................18
3.3.2 A/D 转换............................................................................................19
3.4 显示电路设计..........................................................................................19
3.5 信号输出部分..........................................................................................21
3.5.1 D/A 转换............................................................................................21
3.5.2 4-20mA 标准信号输出 ......................................................................22
3.6 串口与上位机通信电路 ..........................................................................22
3.7 报警电路设计..........................................................................................23
3.8 键盘电路设计..........................................................................................24
3.9 稳压电源电路设计 ..................................................................................25
3.10 单片机最小系统 ....................................................................................26
3.10.1 时钟电路..........................................................................................26
3.10.2 复位电路..........................................................................................27
第 4 章 系统软件设计 .......................................................................................28
IV
4.1 软件设计思路..........................................................................................28
4.2 系统软件流程图 ......................................................................................28
4.2.1 主程序流程图 ...................................................................................28
4.2.2 采样子程序.......................................................................................30
4.2.3 数字滤波...........................................................................................30
4.2.4 中断服务...........................................................................................31
4.2.5 显示环节软件设计 ...........................................................................33
4.2.6 上位机控制软件设计 .......................................................................34
4.2.7 PID 子程序 ........................................................................................35
第 5 章 系统的仿真...........................................................................................38
5.1 仿真工具..................................................................................................38
5.2 MATLAB 及其模糊逻辑工具箱和仿真环境 ..........................................38
5.2.1 MATLAB 概况 ..................................................................................38
5.2.2 模糊逻辑工具箱 ................................................................................39
5.3 PID 算法的设计及分析............................................................................40
5.3.1 控制算法的确定 ................................................................................40
5.3.2 数学模型的建立 ................................................................................41
5.4 基于 Matlab 仿真.....................................................................................44
结 论 ................................................................................................................47
致 谢 ................................................................................................................48
参考文献 ............................................................................................................49
附录 1 设计系统部分源代码.............................................................................51
附录2 系统硬件图............................................................................................54
V
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................II
Chapter 1 Introduction.......................................................................................1
1.1 Design background and significance of a ....................................................1
1.2 Research status............................................................................................2
1.3 Design Objective.........................................................................................4
Chapter 2 HRSG steam temperature control system design............................6
2.1 Control scheme selection ............................................................................6
2.1.1 Factors affecting the superheated steam temperature............................6
2.1.2 Single-loop control scheme ..................................................................9
2.1.3 Cascade Control Programme ..............................................................10
2.1.4 Feedforward control program .............................................................12
2.2 Comparison of control schemes and programs identified ..........................14
2.2.1 Comparison of 11 control scheme ......................................................14
2.2.2 The program identified .......................................................................15
Chapter 3 Hardware Design.............................................................................17
3.1 System Block Diagram..............................................................................17
3.2 With 8155 microcontroller interface circuit ..............................................17
3.3 Signal input section...................................................................................17
3.3.1 The temperature signal acquisition and processing.............................18
3.3.2 A / D converter...................................................................................19
3.4 Shows the circuit design............................................................................19
3.5 Signal output section .................................................................................21
3.5.1 D / A converter...................................................................................21
3.5.2 4-20mA standard signal output...........................................................22
3.6 Serial Communication between PC Circuit ...............................................22
3.7 Alarm Circuit Design ................................................................................23
3.8 Keyboard Circuit Design...........................................................................24
3.9 Regulated Power Supply Circuit Design ...................................................25
3.10 Minimum System Microcontroller ..........................................................26
3.10.1 Clock Circuit ....................................................................................26
3.10.2 Reset Circuit.....................................................................................27
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