10天学会AVR——DS1302的工作原理，程序，课件资源-CSDN文库

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第一讲：开发板和软件的操作使用 1、介绍配件。 2、安装软件（ICC AVR 和AVR STUDIO）及其使用，包括新建工程、程序下载，仿真调试；整板测试；板上资源。 3、着重介绍一下USB接口的仿真器。第二讲：AVR单片机的概述和C语言的基础知识 1、 AVR单片机的概述包括它的优点、片上资源。 2、 C语言的基础包括电平特性、2进制与16进制的表示及转换、二进制数的逻辑运算，数据类型，运算符。 3、着重讲一下特有的BIT（）操作，C中的各种语句。 4、介绍一下AVR单片机IO口的配置。第三讲：点亮发光二极管、驱动蜂鸣器、继电器 1、首先讲解一下原理图上开关电路、复位电路、时钟电路； 2、讲解573工作原理， 3、首先点亮一个发光二极管，然后让一个二极管亮灭变化。 4、编写函数证明573的工作原理：锁住后不导通就不能再更新数据。 5、编写延时函数，软件仿真查看延时的精确时间 6、子函数的编写（分带形参和不带形参）。 7、编写流水灯函数。 8、蜂鸣器，继电器的工作原理并编写程序。第四讲：数码管工作原理 1、共阴共阳数码管内部结构，显示原理。 2、用数字万用表标定数码管的段选和位选 3、编写程序使1个数码管上显示数字 4、编写程序在6个数码管上滚动显示数字 5、重点讲解动态显示，保持时间，以及扫描频率对闪烁和亮暗程度的影响。第五讲：键盘检测原理（比较复杂） 1、键盘作用，检测原理，如何消抖，独立键盘检测程序编写。 2、矩阵键盘检测程序编写，涉及到返回值函数调用。第六讲：1602液晶的使用 1、看手册，管脚、写指令和数据、时序图。 2、编写程序，显示光标 3、编写程序显示字， 4、编写程序，滚动显示字符第七讲：中断、定时器的原理和应用（比较复杂） 1、中断的概念，AVR单片机的中断 2、定时/计数器1几种模式的寄存器配置 3、定时器1普通模式下实现秒表 4、 CTC模式输出方波 5、快速PWM模式输出PWM信号 6、相位修正PWM模式输出PWM信号第八讲：AD、DA简介及其应用 1、 AD简介，AVR内部AD寄存器设置 2、编写程序控制AD读写电位器输出的模拟电压 3、 SPI串行通信简介 4、 DA简介，AD5300时序图 5、编写程序控制DA输出模拟电压使发光二极管亮度变化第九讲：TWI(IIC) 1、 TWI(IIC)协议简介 2、 AVR单片机内部TWI寄存器简介，操作流程 3、具有IIC协议的数字电位器芯片AD5161的简介 4、编写程序用独立键盘控制AD5161输出不同的阻值第十讲：异步串口UART的简介和程序的编写 1、 UART简介 2、 AVR单片机内部与UART相关的寄存器的配置 3、编写程序控制AVR单片机和电脑进行通信 4、讲解串行通信时数字和字符之间的区别第十一讲：PS2键盘、DS1302的工作原理和程序的编写 1、 AVR单片机外部中断的介绍 2、 PS2键盘的工作原理 3、编写程序读取PS2键盘的按键值并在1602液晶上显示 4、 DS1302的工作原理 5、编写程序控制1302工作并在1602液晶上显示时间

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lesson11.rar （37个子文件）

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ps2

_PS2

PS2_KB.lk 11B

PS2_KB.lis 50KB

YJ1602.C 4KB

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PS2_KB.lst 33KB

PS2_KB.dbg 4KB

PS2_KB.o 12KB

PS2_KB.hex 4KB

PS2_KB.C 6KB

PS2_KB.mak 784B

PS2_KB.mp 3KB

PS2_KB.dp2 304B

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PS2_KB.cof 7KB

ds1302

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课件

PS2.pdf 667KB

CN_DS1302.pdf 206KB

DS1302.pdf 219KB

第十一讲 .ppt 984KB

PS/2 技术参考著 Adam Chapweske 译 Roy Show

第 1 页共 1 页 02-11-22发布

第一章 PS/2 鼠标键盘协议

Introduction:

引言

The PS/2 device interface, used by many modern mice and keyboards, was developed by IBM and originally

appeared in the IBM Technical Reference Manual. However, this document has not been printed for many

years and as far as I know, there is currently no official publication of this information. I have not had access

to the IBM Technical Reference Manual, so all information on this page comes from my own experiences as

well as help from the references listed at the bottom of this page.

PS/2 设备接口用于许多现代的鼠标和键盘

它是由 IBM 开发并且最初出现在 IBM 技术参考手册里但

是

当我知道的时候这篇文件就已经很多年没有印刷了因此关于这个内容现在没有官方的出版物我

无法访问 IBM 的技术参考手册

所以本网页中的所有信息都来自于我自己的经验及本页最下面列出的

参考的帮助

译者注这些参考的条目在本章的结尾处

This document descibes the interface used by the PS/2 mouse, PS/2 keyboard, and AT keyboard. I'll cover

the physical and electrical interface, as well as the protocol. If you need higher-level information, such as

commands, data packet formats, or other information specific to the keyboard or mouse, I have written

separate documents for the two devices:

这个文件描述了用于 PS/2 鼠标

PS/2 键盘及 AT 键盘的接口

我将论及物理和电气接口也包括协议

如果你需要更高级的信息诸如命令数据包的格式或者其他关于键盘鼠标的特别细节那么我对这两

种设备写了独立的文件

The PS/2 (AT) Keyboard Interface

The PS/2 Mouse Interface

译者注这两篇文章已经包含到这篇译文中来了是第二章和第三章

I also encourage you to check out my homepage

for more information related to this topic, including projects,

code, and links related to the mouse and keyboard.

我同样鼓励你在我的主页上校对更多与这个话题相关的信息

包括工程代码和与鼠标键盘有关的链接

The Connector:

连接器

The physical PS/2 port is one of two styles of connectors: The 5-pin DIN or the 6-pin mini-DIN. Both

connectors are completely (electrically) similar; the only practical difference between the two is the

arrangement of pins. This means the two types of connectors can easily be changed with simple hard-wired

adaptors. These cost about $6 each or you can make your own by matching the pins on any two connectors.

The DIN standard was created by the German Standardization Organization (Deutsches Institut fuer Norm) .

Their website is at http://www.din.de/ (this site is in German, but most of their pages are also available in

English.)

物理上的 PS/2 端口是两类连接器中的一种

5 脚的 DIN 或 6 脚的 mini-DIN

这两种连接器在电气特

性上

是十分类似的实际上两者只有一点不同那就是管脚的排列这就意味着这两类连接器可以很容

易用一种简单的硬件连线的适配器来转换

这种适配器大约每个值 6 美元或者你可以根据任意两种连

接器的对应管脚关系做你自己的适配器

DIN 标准是由德国标准化组织(Deutsches Institut fuer Norm)建

立的

他们的网站在 http://www.din.de/ 这个站点是德文的但他们的很多网页同样可用于英文

PS/2 技术参考著 Adam Chapweske 译 Roy Show

第 2 页共 2 页 02-11-22发布

PC keyboards can have either a 6-pin mini-DIN or a 5-pin DIN connector. If your keyboard has a 6-pin

mini-DIN and your computer has a 5-pin DIN (or visa versa), the two can be made compatible with the

adaptors described above. Keyboards with the 6-pin mini-DIN are often referred to as "PS/2" keyboards,

while those with the 5-pin DIN are called "AT" devices ("XT" keyboards also used the 5-pin DIN, but they are

quite old and haven't been made for many years.) All modern keyboards built for the PC are either PS/2, AT,

or USB. This document does not apply to USB devices, which use a completely different interface.

PC 键盘可以有 6 脚的 mini-DIN 或 5 脚的 DIN 连接器

如果你的键盘是 6 脚的 mini-DIN 而你的计算机

是 5 脚的 DIN

或者相反这两类连接器可以用上面提到的适配器来兼容具有 6 脚 mini-DIN 的键盘

通常被叫做

PS/2

键盘而那些有 5 脚 DIN 叫做

设备

键盘也使用 5 脚 DIN 但它们

非常古老并且多年前就不生产了

所有现代的为 PC 建造的键盘不是 PS/2,AT 就是 USB 的这篇文章

不适用于 USB 设备

它们使用了一种完全不同的接口

Mice come in a number of shapes and sizes (and interfaces.) The most popular type is probably the PS/2

mouse, with USB mice gaining popularity. Serial mice are also quite popular, but the computer industry is

abandoning them in support of USB and PS/2 devices. This document applies only to PS/2 mice. If you

want to interface a serial mouse, check out Microchip's appnote #519

, "Implementing a Simple Serial Mouse

Controller."

鼠标流行着大量的形状和大小

和接口最流行的类型可能算是 PS/2 鼠标现在 USB 鼠标渐渐开始

流行起来了

串行鼠标同样非常流行但计算机工业放弃了它们转而支持 USB 和 PS/2 设备这篇文章

仅适用于 PS/2 鼠标

如果你要知道一个串行鼠标的接口请查验 Microchip 的 519 号应用实现一个

简单的串行鼠标控制器

As a side note, there is one other type of connector you may run into on keyboards. While most keyboard

cables are hard-wired to the keyboard, there are some whose cable is not permanently attached and come as a

separate component. These cables have a DIN connector on one end (the end that connects to the computer)

and a SDL (Sheilded Data Link) connector on the keyboard end. SDL was created by a company called

"AMP." This connector is somewhat similar to a telephone connector in that it has wires and springs rather

than pins, and a clip holds it in place. If you need more information on this connector, you might be able to

find it on AMP's website at http://www.connect.amp.com/

. I have only seen this type of connector on (old)

XT keyboards, although there may be AT keyboards that also use the SDL. Don't confuse the SDL connector

with the USB connector--they probably both look similar in my diagram below, but they are actually very

different. Keep in mind that the SDL connector has springs and moving parts, while the USB connector does

not.

作为边注

还有另外一种类型的连接器你可以在键盘上碰到虽然多数键盘电缆都是固定连接到键盘的

但还有一些键盘电缆不是永久挂接的而是作为一个单独的部件这种电缆在一端有一个 DIN 的连接

器

这端连接到计算机而连接到键盘的那一端是一个 SDL 屏蔽的数据连接器连接器

SDL 是由

一个叫 AMP 的公司建立的

这种连接器有点象电话连接器它有金属丝和弹簧代替管脚用一个卡子

保持它在适当的位置上

如果你需要知道关于这种连接器的更多信息你可以在 AMP 的网站找到它

AMP 的网站在 http://www.connect.amp.com/

尽管可能 AT 键盘同样可以使用 SDL 但我只在一个很老

的 XT 键盘上看见过这种连接器

不要把 SDL 连接器和 USB 连接器混淆起来这两个可能在我下面画

的示意图中看起来有点类似

但是它们实际上是非常不同的记住 SDL 有弹簧和活动部件而 USB 连

接器没有

The pinouts for each connector are shown below:

每种连接器的引脚定义如下所示

PS/2 技术参考著 Adam Chapweske 译 Roy Show

第 3 页共 3 页 02-11-22发布

Male 公的 Female 母的 5-pin DIN (AT/XT): 5 脚 DIN(AT/XT)

1 - Clock 1

时钟

2 - Data 2

数据

3 - Not Implemented 3

未实现保留

4 - Ground 4

电源地

(Plug) 插头 (Socket) 插座 5 - +5v 5

电源+5V

Male 公的 Female 母的 6-pin Mini-DIN (PS/2): 6 脚 Mini-DIN(PS/2)

1 - Data 1

数据

2 - Not Implemented 2

未实现保留

3 - Ground 3

电源地

4 - +5v 4

电源+5V

(Plug) 插头 (Socket) 插座 5 - Clock 5

时钟

6 - Not Implemented 6

未实现保留

6-pin SDL: 6 脚 SDL

A - Not Implemented A

未实现保留

B - Data B

数据

C - Ground C

电源地

D - Clock D

时钟

E - +5v E

电源+5V

F - Not Implemented F

未实现保留

General Description:

一般性描述

(Note: Throughout this document, I may use the more general term "host" to refer to the computer--or

whatever the keyboard/mouse is connected to-- and the term "device" will refer to the keyboard/mouse.)

注意遍及这篇文章我使用了更普通的术语

host

使之计算机或者键盘/鼠标连接到的单元而术

语

device

是指键盘/鼠标

译者注下面的译文中 host 可能被翻译成主机

There are four interesting pins on the connectors just described: Ground, +5v, Data, and Clock. The +5V is

supplied by the host (computer) and the keyboard/mouse's ground is connected to the host's electrical ground.

Data and Clock are both open collector, which means they are normally held at a high logic level but can easily

be pulled down to ground (logic 0.) Any device you connect to a PS/2 mouse, keyboard, or host should have

large pull-up resistors on the Clock and Data lines. You apply a "0" by pulling the line low and you apply a

"1" by letting the line float high. Refer to Figure 1 for a general interface to Data and Clock. (Note: if you

are going to use a microcontroller such as the PIC, where I/O is bidirectional, you may skip the transistors and

buffers and use the same pin for both input and output. With this configuration, a "1" is asserted by setting

the pin to input and let the resistor pull the line high. A "0" is then asserted by changing the pin to output and

write a "0" to that pin, which will pull the line to ground.)

在刚才提到连接器上有四个有趣的管脚

电源地

数据和时钟

host

计算机提供

并

且键盘/鼠标的地连接到 host 的电源地上

数据和时钟都是集电极开路的这就意味着它们通常保持高

电平而且很容易下拉到地

逻辑 0 任何你连接到 PS/2 鼠标键盘或 host 的设备在时钟和数据线上要

PS/2 技术参考著 Adam Chapweske 译 Roy Show

第 4 页共 4 页 02-11-22发布

有一个大的上拉电阻置

就把线拉低置

就让线上浮成高电平参考图 1 中数据和时钟线的

一般接口结构

注意如果你打算使用象 PIC 这样的微控制器由于它们的 I/O 管脚是双向的你可

以跳过晶体管和缓冲门

并且通用同一个管脚进行输入和输出在这种组态情况下要设置管脚为输入

就写入 1 使得电阻上拉线上的电平

要改变管脚为输出就写入 0 到那个管脚把线路下拉到地

Figure 1: Open-collector interface to Data

and Clock. Data and Clock are read on the

microcontroller's port A and B, respectively.

Both lines are normally held at +5V, but can

be pulled to ground by asserting logic 1 on

C and D. As a result, Data equals D,

inverted, and Clock equals C, inverted.

图 1

数据线和时钟线的集电极开路接口

数据和时钟分别由微控制器的 A 端口和 B

端口读入

这两条线通常保持+5V 但可

以往端口 C 和 D 写入 1 来拉到地

结果是

数据是 D 的反相时钟是 C 的反相

The PS/2 mouse and keyboard implement a bidirectional synchronous serial protocol. In other words, Data is

sent one bit at a time on the Data line and is read on each time Clock is pulsed. The keyboard/mouse can

send data to the host and the host can send data to the device, but the host always has priority over the bus and

can inhibit communication from the keyboard/mouse at any time by holding Clock low.

PS/2 鼠标和键盘履行一种双向同步串行协议

换句话说每次数据线上发送一位数据并且每在时钟线

上发一个脉冲就被读入

键盘/鼠标可以发送数据到主机而主机也可以发送数据到设备但主机总是

在总线上有优先权

它可以在任何时候抑制来自于键盘/鼠标的通讯只要把时钟拉低即可

Data sent from the keyboard/mouse to the host is read on the falling edge of the clock signal (when Clock goes

from high to low); data sent from the host to the keyboard/mouse is read on the rising edge (when Clock goes

from low to high.) Regardless of the direction of communication, the keyboard/mouse always generates the

clock signal. If the host wants to send data, it must first tell the device to start generating a clock signal (that

process is described in the next section.) The maximum clock frequency is 33 kHz and most devices operate

within 10-20kHz. If you want to build a PS/2 device, I would recommend keeping this frequency around 15

kHz. This means Clock should be high for about 40 microseconds and low for 40 microseconds.

从键盘/鼠标发送到主机的数据在时钟信号的下降沿

当时钟从高变到低的时候被读取从主机发送

到键盘/鼠标的数据在上升沿

当时钟从低变到高的时候被读取不管通讯的方向怎样键盘/鼠标总

是产生时钟信号

如果主机要发送数据它必须首先告诉设备开始产生时钟信号这个过程在下一章节

中被描述

最大的时钟频率是 33kHz 而且大多数设备工作在 10

20kHz

如果你要制作一个 PS/2 设

备

我推荐你把频率控制在 15kHz 左右这就意味着时钟应该是高 40 微秒低 40 微秒

All data is arranged in bytes with each byte sent in a frame consisting of 11-12 bits. These bits are:

所有数据安排在字节中

每个字节为一帧包含了 11

12 个位

这些位的含义如下

1 start bit. This is always 0. 1 个起始位

总是为 0

8 data bits, least significant bit first. 8 个数据位

低位在前

PS/2 技术参考著 Adam Chapweske 译 Roy Show

第 5 页共 5 页 02-11-22发布

1 parity bit (odd parity). 1 个校验位

奇校验

1 stop bit. This is always 1. 1 个停止位

总是为 1

1 acknowledge bit (Host-to-device communication only) 1 个应答位

仅在主机对设备的通讯中

The parity bit is set if there is an even number of 1's in the data bits and reset (0) if there is an odd number of

1's in the data bits. The number of 1's in the data bits plus the parity bit always add up to an odd number (odd

parity.) This is used for error detection.

如果数据位中包含偶数个 1

校验位就会置 1 如果数据位中包含奇数个 1 校验位就会置 0 数据位中

1 的个数加上校验位总为奇数

这就是奇校验这是用来错误检测

When the host is sending data to the keyboard/mouse, a handshaking bit is sent from the device to

acknowledge the packet was received. This bit is not present when the device sends data to the host.

当主机发送数据给键盘/鼠标时

设备回送一个握手信号来应答数据包已经收到这个位不会出现在设

备发送数据到主机的过程中

Device-to-Host Communication:

设备到主机的通讯过程

The Data and Clock lines are both open collector (normally held at a high logic level.) When the keyboard or

mouse wants to send information, it first checks Clock to make sure it's at a high logic level. If it's not, the

host is inhibiting communication and the device must buffer any to-be-sent data until it regains control of the

bus (the keyboard has a 16-byte buffer and the mouse's buffer stores only the last packet sent.) If the Clock

line is high, the device can begin to transmit its data.

数据和时钟线都是集电极开路结构

正常保持高电平当键盘或鼠标等待发送数据时它首先检查时

钟以确认它是否是高电平

如果不是那么是主机抑制了通讯设备必须缓冲任何要发送的数据直到重

新获得总线的控制权

键盘有 16 字节的缓冲区而鼠标的缓冲区仅存储最后一个要发送的数据包如

果时钟线是高电平

设备就可以开始传送数据

As I mentioned in the previous section, the keyboard and mouse use a serial protocol consisting of 11-bit

frames. These bits are:

如我在上一节提及的

键盘和鼠标使用一种每帧包含 11 位的串行协议这些位含义是

1 start bit. This is always 0. 1 个起始位

总是为 0

8 data bits, least significant bit first. 8 个数据位

低位在前

1 parity bit (odd parity). 1 个校验位

奇校验

1 stop bit. This is always 1. 1 个停止位

总是为 1

Each bit is read by the host on the falling edge of the clock, as is illustrated in Figures 2 & 3.

每位在时钟的下降沿被主机读入

如图 2 和 3 所示

Figure 2: Device-to-host

communication. The Data

line changes state when Clock

is high and that data is latched

on the falling edge of the clock

signal.

评论收藏

内容反馈

yushizhen4631

2012-02-09

单纯的AVR学习课件，只有Ds1302的部分，谢谢
waylen0626

2013-03-04

就别弄这么长的目录啊
GrassDad

2014-01-09

虽然我用的是atmega328，但是还是觉得楼主的资料挺有用的
qlm0216

2014-01-06

只有一章的内容
笑春风oO

2013-12-15

只有一章的内容，没看评论就下了

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