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1 Introduction
The speed control circuits of DC motors are simple and easy
to use, and hence are very popular in motor speed control
systems. However, due to the brushes, DC motors suffer from
a lower reliability. The brushless DC (BLDC) motor is also
referred as an electronically commuted motor. There are no
brushes on the rotor and the commutation is performed
electronically at certain rotor positions.
Replacing a DC motor with a BLDC motor places higher
demands on a control algorithm and a control circuit.
• First, the BLDC motor is usually a three-phase system;
so, it has to be powered by a three-phase power supply.
• Second, the rotor position must be known at certain
angles in order to align the applied voltage.
The most common way to control a BLDC motor is to use
Hall sensors to determine the rotor position. The control
system senses the rotor position and the proper voltage pattern
is applied to the motor.
This application note describes the basic DC and BLDC motor
theory and the implementation of the six-step commutation
method on KE02 sub-family MCUs. KE02 is a 5 V MCU with
enhanced FlexTimer(FTM), suitable for BLDC motor control.
Freescale Semiconductor
Document Number:AN4776
Application Note
Rev 0, 07/2013
BLDC Motor Control with Hall
Sensors Based on FRDM-KE02Z
by:
Xianhu Gao
© 2013 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Contents
1 Introduction................................................................1
2 Basic theory of motor control...................................2
3 Basic theory of six-step commutation
method.......................................................................6
4 How to control BLDC motor with
FRDM-KE02Z ........................................................10
5 Conclusion...............................................................14
6 References...............................................................14
7 Revision history......................................................15
1.1 FRDM-KE02Z board and transfer board
Kinetis E Series Freedom Development (FRDM-KE02Z) board forms the basis of the control system and has the following
functions.
• Supplies PWM control signal to the BLDC board
• Processes Hall sensor signal and values of bus voltage and current
A transfer board is used to connect the FRDM-KE02Z board and the BLDC board.
1.2 BLDC drive board
The BLDC board is APMOTOR56F8000: Motor Control Demonstration System, powered by 9 V DC. On this board, you
can implement the six-step Hall Sensor algorithm and sensorless algorithm. In this application note, Hall sensor is configured
and used.
The detail information can be found at: APMOTOR56F8000: Motor Control Demonstration System
1.3 Software requirement
The software is based on CodeWarrior v10.3 (CW10.3) or higher versions.
The latest version of CodeWarrior is CW10.4, and can be found at: freescale.com/CodeWarrior
2 Basic theory of motor control
This figure shows the basic principle of nearly all kinds of motor rotations. The rotor and the stator in the motor generate the
interactive force and the rotor spins as long as the force is in the same direction.
Figure 1. Motor control fundamentals
Basic theory of motor control
BLDC Motor Control with Hall Sensors Based on FRDM-KE02Z, Rev 0, 07/2013
2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2.1 DC motor control
As seen from Figure 1, the rotor spins in the clockwise direction because the force is in the direction of the rotor spin.
However, after rotating 180°, the direction of the force changes, preventing the rotor from spinning and trying to drag it back.
At last, the rotor will not spin in the same direction but just sways.
One effective way of keeping the force in the same direction is to change the current direction in the coil at the same time
when the force direction changes. See this figure. This process is called commutation.
Figure 2. Motor commutation
In the DC motor, the brush commutator is used. See the following figure.
Figure 3. Brushed DC motor
Basic theory of motor control
BLDC Motor Control with Hall Sensors Based on FRDM-KE02Z, Rev 0, 07/2013
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 3
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