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VRRP协议原理及配置案例

网络协议

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VRRP协议原理及配置案例

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Configure VRRP

Note: The corresponding web network management does not support

VRRP function.Only CLI supports VRRP.

VRRP Overview

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a routing redundancy

protocol.

The VRRP design adopts a master-slave mode to ensure that when the

main routing device fails, the backup routing device can switch to active

route without affecting internal and external data communication, and

there is no need to modify internal network parameters.

Multiple routing devices within the VRRP group are mapped to a

virtual routing device.VRRP ensures that there is simultaneously and only

one routing device sending packets on behalf of the virtual routing

device, while the host sends packets to the virtual routing device, and

the routing device that forwards the packets is selected as the primary

routing device.

If the main routing device fails to work for some reason at some point,

then the routing device in the backup state will be selected to replace

the original primary routing device.

VRRP makes it appear that hosts in a local area network are using only

one routing device, and can maintain routing connectivity even if the

first hop routing device is currently using fails.

VRRP is suitable for scenarios that require redundant backup of

routing exits for devices in a local area network.

The protocol specifications corresponding to VRRP are as follows:

 RFC2338：Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

 RFC3768：Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

 RFC5798：Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Version 3 for IPv4 and IPv6

Function Explanation

Basic concepts

 Virtual router, also known as VRRP backup group, is used as the

default gateway for hosts within a shared LAN. Includes a virtual router

identifier and a set of virtual IP addresses.

 Virtual IP address: The IP address of a virtual router, which can be

configured with one or more virtual IP addresses.

 Virtual MAC Address: The virtual MAC address of VRRP is a protocol

specified and uniformly assigned by international standards:

00-00-5E-00-01- {VRID}, where the first five bytes are fixed, and the last

byte is the group number of the backup group. When the virtual router

responds to ARP requests, it uses the virtual MAC address instead of the

interface's real MAC address.

 Master router: In a VRRP backup group, only the Master router is

responsible for ARP response and forwarding IP packets.

 Backup router: In a VRRP backup group, the Backup router does not

take on the task of ARP response and forwarding IP packets, but is only

responsible for monitoring the status of the Master router. When the

Master router fails, they will have the opportunity to become the new

Master router through elections.

 Preemptive mode: If the VRRP group is working in preemptive mode,

once one route device discovers that its priority is higher than the

current Master's priority, it will preempt the primary routing device of

the VRRP group.

Working principle

By activating the VRRP function, VRRP performs redundant backup of the

default gateway of terminal devices on shared multiple access media

(such as Ethernet), so that when one of the routing devices goes down,

the backup routing device can take over forwarding work in a timely

manner, providing transparent switching to users, and improving

network service quality.

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