2.9 Longwave time and frequency distribution systems ................................................................ 100
2.10 Emerging positioning and timing services. ............................................................................. 103
2.10.1 Cellular networks based positioning ................................................... 103
2.10.2 Iridium Satelles Time and Location .................................................... 105
ANNEX 2. End-User Requirements ...................................................................................................... 107
1. Civil Aviation .................................................................................................................................... 108
2. Maritime and Inland Waterways Navigation .................................................................................. 111
3. Land-based Navigation .................................................................................................................... 113
3.1 Road Transport.......................................................................................................................... 113
3.2 Agriculture................................................................................................................................. 114
3.3 Mapping and Surveying ............................................................................................................ 116
3.4 Location-based Services ............................................................................................................ 117
3.5 Railways .................................................................................................................................... 118
4. Space user requirements ................................................................................................................ 120
5. Precise Timing and Synchronisation ............................................................................................... 122
6. Emerging applications ..................................................................................................................... 123
ANNEX 3. Actors, Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................................................... 130
1. European Commission .................................................................................................................... 132
2. European GNSS Agency ................................................................................................................... 133
3. European Space Agency .................................................................................................................. 136
4. European Defence Agency .............................................................................................................. 138
5. Galileo service operator, Spaceopal ............................................................................................... 139
6. EGNOS service operator, European Satellite Services Provider ..................................................... 140
7. Eurocontrol ..................................................................................................................................... 141
8. SESAR Joint Undertaking ................................................................................................................. 143
9. European Aviation Safety Agency ................................................................................................... 145
10. European Maritime Safety Agency ............................................................................................... 146
11. European Fisheries Control Agency .............................................................................................. 148
12. European Union Agency for Railways ........................................................................................... 150
13. Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking .......................................................................................................... 151
14. European Maritime Radionavigation Forum ................................................................................ 154
15. International Maritime Organisation ............................................................................................ 155
16. International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities .................. 156
17. International Civil Aviation Organisation ...................................................................................... 157
