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CYBERSECURITY
OF AI AND
STANDARDISATION
MARCH 2023
CYBERSECURITY OF AI AND STANDARDISATION
1
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation
Definition
AI
Artificial Intelligence
CEN-
CENELEC
European Committee for Standardisation – European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation
CIA
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability
EN
European Standard
ESO
European Standardisation Organisation
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
GR
Group Report
ICT
Information And Communications Technology
ISG
Industry Specification Group
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
IT
Information Technology
JTC
Joint Technical Committee
ML
Machine Learning
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
R&D
Research And Development
SAI
Security of Artificial Intelligence
SC
Subcommittee
SDO
Standards-Developing Organisation
TR
Technical Report
TS
Technical Specifications
WI
Work Item
CYBERSECURITY OF AI AND STANDARDISATION
2
ABOUT ENISA
The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, ENISA, is the Union’s agency dedicated to
achieving a high common level of cybersecurity across Europe. Established in 2004 and
strengthened by the EU Cybersecurity Act, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
contributes to EU cyber policy, enhances the trustworthiness of ICT products, services and
processes with cybersecurity certification schemes, cooperates with Member States and EU
bodies, and helps Europe prepare for the cyber challenges of tomorrow. Through knowledge
sharing, capacity building and awareness raising, the Agency works together with its key
stakeholders to strengthen trust in the connected economy, to boost resilience of the Union’s
infrastructure, and, ultimately, to keep Europe’s society and citizens digitally secure. More
information about ENISA and its work can be found here: www.enisa.europa.eu.
CONTACT
For contacting the authors please use [email protected]
For media enquiries about this paper, please use [email protected].
AUTHORS
P. Bezombes, S. Brunessaux, S. Cadzow
EDITOR(S)
ENISA:
E. Magonara
S. Gorniak
P. Magnabosco
E. Tsekmezoglou
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the Joint Research Centre and the European Commission for their active
contribution and comments during the drafting stage. Also, we would like to thank the ENISA Ad
Hoc Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI) cybersecurity for the valuable feed-back and
comments in validating this report.
CYBERSECURITY OF AI AND STANDARDISATION
3
LEGAL NOTICE
This publication represents the views and interpretations of ENISA, unless stated otherwise. It
does not endorse a regulatory obligation of ENISA or of ENISA bodies pursuant to the
Regulation (EU) No 2019/881.
ENISA has the right to alter, update or remove the publication or any of its contents. It is
intended for information purposes only and it must be accessible free of charge. All references
to it or its use as a whole or partially must contain ENISA as its source.
Third-party sources are quoted as appropriate. ENISA is not responsible or liable for the content
of the external sources including external websites referenced in this publication.
Neither ENISA nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use that might be made
of the information contained in this publication.
ENISA maintains its intellectual property rights in relation to this publication.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
© European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), 2023
This publication is licenced under CC-BY 4.0 “Unless otherwise noted, the reuse of this
document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed,
provided that appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated”.
Cover image ©shutterstock.com.
For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the ENISA copyright,
permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.
ISBN 978-92-9204-616-3, DOI 10.2824/277479, TP-03-23-011-EN-C
CYBERSECURITY OF AI AND STANDARDISATION
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 DOCUMENT PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES 8
1.2 TARGET AUDIENCE AND PREREQUISITES 8
1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 8
2. SCOPE OF THE REPORT: DEFINITION OF AI AND CYBERSECURITY OF AI 9
2.1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 9
2.2 CYBERSECURITY OF AI 10
3. STANDARDISATION IN SUPPORT OF CYBERSECURITY OF AI 12
3.1 RELEVANT ACTIVITIES BY THE MAIN STANDARDS-DEVELOPING ORGANISATIONS 12
3.1.1 CEN-CENELEC 12
3.1.2 ETSI 13
3.1.3 ISO-IEC 14
3.1.4 Others 14
4. ANALYSIS OF COVERAGE 16
4.1 STANDARDISATION IN SUPPORT OF CYBERSECURITY OF AI – NARROW SENSE 16
4.2 STANDARDISATION IN SUPPORT OF THE CYBERSECURITY OF AI – TRUSTWORTHINESS 19
4.3 CYBERSECURITY AND STANDARDISATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DRAFT AI ACT 21
5. CONCLUSIONS 24
5.1 WRAP-UP 24
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 25
5.2.1 Recommendations to all organisations 25
5.2.2 Recommendations to standards-developing organisations 25
5.2.3 Recommendations in preparation for the implementation of the draft AI Act 25
5.3 FINAL OBSERVATIONS 26
A ANNEX: 27
A.1 SELECTION OF ISO 27000 SERIES STANDARDS RELEVANT TO THE CYBERSECURITY OF AI 27
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