【船级社】ABSfracture-analysis-gn-feb22ABSGuidanceNotesonFract资源-CSDN文库

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【船级社】 ABS fracture-analysis-gn-feb22 ABS Guidance Notes on Fracture Analysis for Marine and Offshore Structures 2022-02.pdf 《ABS断裂分析指导注释》是美国船级社（American Bureau of Shipping，简称ABS）发布的一份关于海洋和离岸结构物断裂分析的专业指南，旨在为2022年2月版的海洋与离岸工程提供重要的设计和评估依据。ABS作为一家历史悠久的船级社，自1862年以来在船舶和海洋工程领域具有广泛影响力，其发布的这份指导注释对于防止和处理海洋结构物的疲劳和断裂问题具有重要意义。疲劳和断裂是海洋和离岸结构物在服役期间经常遇到的失效模式，主要由于结构长期受到波浪、振动以及其他负载的影响。焊接部位和热影响区（HAZ）以及几何形状不规则的区域往往存在应力集中和残余应力，这些地方容易发生疲劳和断裂。在设计阶段，海洋和离岸结构通常会通过详尽的结构分析，考虑动态载荷和预设的材料疲劳特性，以确保其使用寿命。该指南提供了一套通用的裂纹扩展分析和结构完整性评估流程，用于处理存在缺陷、不连续或应力集中点的海洋和离岸结构。它详细介绍了如何确定在波浪诱导载荷、振动诱导载荷或组合载荷作用下，关键位置上的海洋或离岸结构的长期应力范围分布，这通常以应力范围直方图的形式表示。这个直方图是基于断裂力学理论进行裂纹扩展分析的基础。断裂力学方法在这份指南中得到详细介绍，包括针对不同缺陷形态的应力强度因子计算，以及遵循巴黎法则的裂纹扩展分析。巴黎法则是一种描述裂纹在循环载荷下如何随时间扩展的理论，对预测结构的疲劳寿命至关重要。此外，利用失效评估图（Failure Assessment Diagram，FAD），可以对已知缺陷的结构进行结构完整性评估，判断其是否满足安全标准。《ABS断裂分析指导注释》提供了对海洋和离岸结构进行疲劳分析、裂纹成核、扩展和断裂评估的系统方法，对于设计、检验和维护这些复杂结构的安全性提供了宝贵的指导。这一工具对于工程师们理解和预防因疲劳和断裂导致的结构失效至关重要，从而确保海洋和离岸设施在整个服役周期内的可靠性和安全性。

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Guidance Notes on

Fracture Analysis for Marine and Offshore

Structures

February 2022

Foreword

Fatigue and fracture are significant failure modes for marine and offshore structures which are subject to

wave, vibration, and other loads throughout their service lives. In general, stress concentrations and

residual stress exist at weldments and heat affected zones (HAZ) and at other critical areas with

irregularities in the geometry where fatigue and fracture may occur. Marine and offshore structures are

usually designed for a service life using detailed structural analysis considering dynamic loads and

predetermined material fatigue properties. Under cyclic loading, fatigue damage may occur, and a macro

crack may initiate, propagate from an existing defect, a discontinuity, or a stress riser, and eventually lead

to fracture. These Guidance Notes provide a general procedure for crack propagation analysis and

structural integrity assessment for marine and offshore structures with a defect, a discontinuity, or a stress

riser.

These Guidance Notes provide guidelines for determining the long-term stress range distribution in the

form of a stress range histogram at a critical location on a marine or offshore structure under wave-induced

loads, vibration-induced loads, or combined loads. The stress range histogram is employed for the crack

propagation analysis for a flawed structure based on fracture mechanics theory. Additionally, the fracture

mechanics method is introduced, including stress intensity factors for various flaw configurations and

crack propagation analysis following Paris’ law. Based on the failure assessment diagram (FAD), the

structural integrity assessment can be performed for a structure with a known defect, flaw, or discontinuity.

In marine and offshore applications, crack propagation analysis also can be conducted to predict the

remaining life of a defective structure in service.

The objective of this document is to provide guidance for the fracture analysis not covered by the ABS

Rules and Guides and supplement the design and analysis requirements issued for the Classification of

specific types of marine and offshore structures.

The effective date of these Guidance Notes is the first day of the month of publication.

Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of

these Guidance Notes is the most current.

We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsd@eagle.org

The information presented herein is intended solely to assist the reader in the methodologies and/or

techniques discussed. These Guidance Notes do not and cannot replace the analysis and/or advice of a

qualified professional. It is the responsibility of the reader to perform their own assessment and obtain

professional advice. Information contained herein is considered to be pertinent at the time of publication

but may be invalidated as a result of subsequent legislations, regulations, standards, methods, and/or more

updated information and the reader assumes full responsibility for compliance. Where there is a conflict

between this document and the applicable ABS Rules and Guides, the latter will govern. This publication

may not be copied or redistributed in part or in whole without prior written consent from ABS.

ABS GUIDANCE NOTES ON FRACTURE ANALYSIS FOR MARINE AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES • 2022 ii

CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 7

1 General...........................................................................................7

2 Marine and Offshore Applications...................................................7

3 Abbreviations and References........................................................8

3.1 Abbreviations..................................................................... 8

3.2 References........................................................................ 9

4 Overview of Fracture Analysis Procedure...................................... 9

FIGURE 1 Fracture Analysis Procedures..............................................10

SECTION 2 Applied Loads and Stress Range Distribution................................11

1 General......................................................................................... 11

2 Stress Analysis............................................................................. 11

2.1 FE Modeling for Marine and Offshore Structures............ 12

2.2 Hot Spot Stress Approach for Weld Toe.......................... 14

3 Rainflow Counting Approach........................................................ 16

4 Long-Term Stress Range Distribution...........................................17

FIGURE 1 Global FE Mesh Model.........................................................13

FIGURE 2 Local FE Mesh Model with Refined Elements......................13

FIGURE 3 Extrapolation of Dynamic Stress Range at Weld Toe.......... 15

FIGURE 4 Determination of Hot Spot Stress at Weld Toe.....................15

FIGURE 5 Rainflow Counting Algorithm................................................16

SECTION 3 Wave-Induced Loads and Stress Range Distribution.....................18

1 General.........................................................................................18

1.1 Stochastic Approach........................................................18

1.2 Deterministic Approach....................................................19

1.3 Simplified Approach.........................................................20

2 Stochastic Approach.....................................................................21

GUIDANCE NOTES ON

FRACTURE ANALYSIS FOR MARINE AND OFFSHORE

STRUCTURES

ABS GUIDANCE NOTES ON FRACTURE ANALYSIS FOR MARINE AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES • 2022 iii

2.1 Seakeeping Analysis and FE Analysis............................ 22

2.2 Wave Scatter Diagram (Hs, Tz) and Wave Heading

Rosette (θ)....................................................................... 22

2.3 Wave Spectrum............................................................... 22

2.4 Stress Transfer Function..................................................23

2.5 Stress Spectrum and Stress Range Distribution............. 23

3 Deterministic Approach.................................................................24

4 Simplified Approach......................................................................26

4.1 Ship Structures................................................................ 26

4.2 Offshore Structures..........................................................29

TABLE 1 Weibull Shape Function....................................................... 28

TABLE 2 f

i,j-k

Factors

(1,2,3)

......................................................................29

TABLE 3 Accelerations Corresponding to 1-Year Return Period

Wave Conditions.................................................................. 32

TABLE 4 Load Pairs............................................................................32

FIGURE 1 Stochastic Approach Flowchart............................................19

FIGURE 2 Deterministic Approach Flowchart....................................... 20

FIGURE 3 Simplified Approach Flowchart.............................................21

FIGURE 4 Stochastic Approach Concept..............................................22

FIGURE 5 Long-Term Wave Height and Stress Range Distributions.... 25

FIGURE 6 Simplified Long-Term Wave Height Distribution................... 30

FIGURE 7 Combination of Wave-induced and Static Stresses............. 31

FIGURE 8 Example of Wave Heading Distribution................................33

SECTION 4 Vibration-Induced Loads and Stress Range Distribution.............. 34

1 General.........................................................................................34

2 Hydrodynamic Loads.................................................................... 35

3 Stress Analysis and Stress Range Distribution............................ 36

3.1 Direct Calculation Approach............................................ 36

3.2 Measurement-based Approach....................................... 37

3.3 Long-Term Stress Range Distribution..............................39

FIGURE 1 Direct Calculation Approach Flowchart................................34

FIGURE 2 Measurement Based Approach Flowchart...........................35

FIGURE 3

Hydro

Hydro Panel Model and Geometry of Stern Sections.......... 36

FIGURE 4 Sample Calculated Stress vs. Time History: Forced

Vibration Analysis vs. Modal Decomposition Approach.......38

SECTION 5 Fracture Mechanics Analysis........................................................... 40

1 General.........................................................................................40

1.1 Modes of Failure.............................................................. 40

ABS GUIDANCE NOTES ON FRACTURE ANALYSIS FOR MARINE AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES • 2022 iv

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