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基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪.doc
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基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪.doc
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基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计
第 I 页
本科毕业设计
基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪
摘 要
汽车行驶记录仪,俗称汽车黑匣子,是对车辆行驶速度、时间、里程以及有
关车辆行驶的其他状态信息进行记录、存储并可通过接口实现数据输出的数字式电
子记录装置。目前全国各地客运公司、物流公司、旅游公司及危险品运输公司、公
交集团及企事业单位都在紧张有序地安装汽车行驶记录仪。本论文首先对汽车行驶
状态记录仪进行了简单的介绍,分析了汽车行驶记录仪的研究背景及意义,说明了
国内外的研究水平和发展趋势;其次提出了系统的方案设计;紧接着是对汽车行驶
记录仪硬件电路的设计,其中包括了电源模块、信号采集模块、单片机模块、键盘
模块、存储器模块、显示模块、时钟模块、报警模块等;最后是汽车行驶记录仪几
个主要软件的程序设计,包括信号采集程序、数据存储程序、停车预处理程序等。
汽车行驶记录仪由于其便携性、可靠性、通用性,在行驶安全、交通执法、运输管
理等方面有着重要的作用。随着我国开始建设智能交通系统的进程,汽车行驶记录
仪将成为确保现代交通运输安全和高效物流动态运营管理不可或缺的一环。
关键词:汽车行驶记录仪;发展趋势;单片机;模块设计;程序设计
基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计
第 II 页
Based on SCM of automobile driving state
recorder
Abstract
Car driving recorder, commonly known as the automobile black box, it is the
vehicle speed, time, mileage and vehicle's other status information recording and storage
can be realized through the interface and the data output of the digital electronic
recording device. At present all over the country passenger transportation companies,
logistics companies, tourism companies and dangerous goods transport companies, bus
group, and all enterprises and institutions in the nervous and orderly to install the car
recorder. State in this paper, first of all, on the car recorder has carried on the simple
introduction, analyzed the research background and significance of vehicle data recorder,
illustrates the research level and development trend at home and abroad; Secondly puts
forward the system of scheme design; Followed by the hardware circuit design of the
vehicle data recorder, including the power supply module, signal acquisition module,
MCU module, keyboard module, memory module, display module, clock module, alarm
module, etc.; The last is the program design of several major vehicle data recorder
software, including signal acquisition program, data storage, parking preprocessing
procedures, etc. Due to its portability vehicle data recorder, reliability, versatility, in
road safety, traffic law enforcement, transportation management plays an important role.
Start construction process of intelligent transportation systems, along with our country
will become the vehicle data recorder to ensure that the modern transportation safety and
efficient dynamic operation management an integral part of logistics.
Keywords: Car driving recorder; Development trends; Single chip microcomputer;
Module design; The program design
基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计
第 III 页
目 录
摘 要....................................................................................................................................................I
Abstract..............................................................................................................................................II
1 绪论.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 汽车行驶记录仪简介 .......................................................................................................1
1.2 汽车行驶记录仪的应用背景..........................................................................................1
1.3 国内外汽车行驶记录仪的发展状况 ............................................................................2
1.3.1 国外汽车行驶记录仪的发展状况 .....................................................................2
1.3.2 国内汽车行驶记录仪的发展状况 .....................................................................2
1.4 本设计的研究内容及特点 ..............................................................................................3
2 系统总体方案设计.................................................................................................................4
2.1 系统总体框图 .....................................................................................................................4
2.2 各模块功能需求.................................................................................................................4
3 汽车行驶记录仪硬件设计.................................................................................................7
3.1 电源模块的设计.................................................................................................................7
3.1.1 设计方案的选择 ........................................................................................7
3.1.2 电路设计...................................................................................................................7
3.1.3 掉电保护...................................................................................................................9
3.2 信号采集模块 ...................................................................................................................10
3.2.1 车速信号的采集 ...................................................................................................10
3.2.2 开关量信号的采集...............................................................................................11
3.3 单片机模块........................................................................................................................12
3.3.1 单片机选型 ............................................................................................................12
3.3.2 时钟电路设计........................................................................................................13
3.3.3 复位电路设计........................................................................................................14
3.4 键盘模块 ............................................................................................................................14
3.4.1 设计方案的选择 ...................................................................................................14
3.4.2 电路设计.................................................................................................................14
3.5 存储器模块........................................................................................................................16
3.5.1 存储需求分析........................................................................................................16
3.5.2 存储方案选择........................................................................................................17
3.5.3 存储器选型 ............................................................................................................19
3.6 驾驶员身份识别...............................................................................................................21
基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计
第 IV 页
3.6.1 设计方案的选择 ...................................................................................................21
3.6.2 电路设计.................................................................................................................22
3.7 车载主机和上位机之间的数据传输方式.................................................................23
3.7.1 USB 技术的优势以及 USB 接口在此设计中的应用 .................................23
3.7.2 USB 接口的硬件电路设计 .................................................................................24
3.7.3 RS232 接口..............................................................................................................25
3.8 显示模块 ............................................................................................................................26
3.8.1 设计方案的选择 ...................................................................................................26
3.8.2 电路的设计 ............................................................................................................27
3.9 时钟模块 ............................................................................................................................28
3.9.1 设计方案的选择 ...................................................................................................28
3.9.2 电路的设计 ............................................................................................................28
3.10 热敏打印单元.................................................................................................................30
3.10.1 设计方案的选择.................................................................................................30
3.10.2 接口电路的设计.................................................................................................30
3.11 报警模块..........................................................................................................................31
4 软件设计 .................................................................................................................................32
4.1 编写程序使用的语言的选择........................................................................................32
4.2 设计方案 ............................................................................................................................32
4.2.1 主程序 .....................................................................................................................32
4.2.2 信号采集模块子程序设计.................................................................................33
4.2.3 数据存储程序设计...............................................................................................34
4.2.4 停车预处理程序 ...................................................................................................35
结 论 .........................................................................................................................................38
致 谢 .........................................................................................................................................39
参考文献 .........................................................................................................................................40
附 录 .........................................................................................................................................41
基于单片机的汽车行驶状态记录仪 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计
第 V 页
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