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自动化毕业设计基于at89s52单片机的led点阵显示屏设计.doc
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自动化毕业设计基于at89s52单片机的led点阵显示屏设计.doc
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基于 AT89S52 单片机的 LED 点阵显示屏设计
系 别
信息工程系
专 业
自动化/测控技术与仪器
班 级
B941XXX
学 号
B941XXXXX
姓 名
指导教师
负责教师
沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院
2013 年 5 月
沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院毕业设计(论文)
I
摘 要
本设计采用AT89S52单片机作为主控制器,采用LED专用驱动芯片4953和译码器
来驱动大小为128×32的LED点阵显示屏。扩展AT29C系列并行FLASH存储器用于存
储字符数据和控制信息。扩展外部并行静态RAM,以弥补51单片机内部RAM的不足,
协助单片机实现各种滚动显示效果。主控单片机与通信单片机相互配合,完成显示信
息和控制参数的更新以及时间和温度信息的实时采集。
系统中的 LED 显示屏可以同时显示上下两行共 16 个 16×16 点阵汉字或一行共
4 个 32×32 点阵汉字,并可以实时显示当前的时间和温度,通过上位机软件还可以
修改显示内容和显示效果。扩展的并行 FLASH 存储器,使本 LED 显示系统能够掉电
存储 2000 个字符。因为每个 LED 显示单元是相互独立的,并且显示的字符数据是采
用串行的传输方式,因此,系统的可扩展性得到了大大的提升,多个显示单元的级联
也十分方便。LED 点阵显示屏产品不仅可以用于室内环境,还可用于复杂、恶劣的
室外环境,具有很强的现实应用性。
关键词:LED 点阵;单片机;并行存储;动态扫描
沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院毕业设计(论文)
II
Abstract
This design uses AT89S52 MCU as the main controller,uses the special driving chip
4953 and the decoder chip to drive the 128×32 LED dot matrix display monitor. Series of
AT29C parallel FLASH memory expansion used to store character data and control
information.Expanded external parallel static RAM in order to compensate the shortage of
RAM inside the 51-series MCU, the external RAM assisted the Main Control MCU to
accomplish each kind of trundle demonstration effect. The coordination between the Main
Control MCU and The Communication MCU, update the character data and the control
information as well as the time data and the temperature information real-time gathering.
This LED display system can display two lines of 16 16×16 lattice Chinese characters
or one line of 4 32×32 lattice Chinese characters,the current time and temperature can be
displayed by this system,too. The display contents and the effects can be changed through
the upper-computer software. Extended parallel FLASH memory, so that the LED display
system can save 2000 characters when the power is off. Each LED display unit is
independent of each other,and uses the serial transmission mode to display the character
data, therefore the extensibility of this system had greatly ascend, multiple LED display
units of cascade is very convenient.LED dot matrix display products not only can be used
for indoor environment, but also for complex, harsh outdoor environments, it has a strong
practical applicability.
Keywords: LED dot matrix;Microprocessor; Parallel store; Dynamic scanning
沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院毕业设计(论文)
III
目 录
1 绪 论................................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题背景和研究的意义 .............................................................................................1
1.2 LED 点阵显示屏的发展过程......................................................................................1
1.3 LED 点阵显示屏的分类..............................................................................................1
1.4 LED 显示屏的应用实例..............................................................................................2
1.5 课题任务及要求 .........................................................................................................2
2 LED 显示屏的总体方案设计与分析 ................................................................................3
2.1 显示单元的设计 .........................................................................................................3
2.2 传输方式和可扩展性的设计 .....................................................................................3
2.3 扫描方式的设计 .........................................................................................................3
2.4 滚屏的实现 .................................................................................................................3
2.5 字模数据的存储方式 .................................................................................................4
2.6 上位机与主控单片机的通信、实时时间和温度采集的设计 .................................4
2.7 信号的衰减和抗干扰设计 .........................................................................................4
2.8 系统总体结构框图 .....................................................................................................4
2.9 系统的工作过程 .........................................................................................................5
3 LED 显示屏的硬件设计 ....................................................................................................6
3.1 主控单片机电路 .........................................................................................................6
3.1.1 AT89S52 单片机介绍 ...........................................................................................6
3.1.2 AT89S52 单片机的标准功能 ...............................................................................6
3.1.3 单片机的复位电路...............................................................................................7
3.1.4 单片机的时钟振荡电路.......................................................................................8
3.2 LED 显示单元电路......................................................................................................8
3.3 行、列驱动电路 .........................................................................................................9
3.3.1 行驱动电路...........................................................................................................9
3.3.2 列驱动电路...........................................................................................................9
4 LED 显示屏的软件设计 ..................................................................................................10
沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院毕业设计(论文)
IV
4.1 开发工具介绍 ...........................................................................................................10
4.2 程序流程图 ...............................................................................................................10
4.2.1 主程序流程图.....................................................................................................10
4.2.2 静态模式程序流程图.........................................................................................11
4.2.3 16×16 上滚模式程序流程图...............................................................................12
4.2.4 32×32 左滚模式程序流程图...............................................................................13
4.2.5 时间模式程序流程图.........................................................................................14
4.2.6 主程序初始化程序流程图.................................................................................16
5 系统的仿真......................................................................................................................17
5.1 Proteus 仿真软件的介绍 ...........................................................................................17
5.2 显示屏系统仿真的效果 ...........................................................................................17
5.2.1 静态模式下的仿真效果.....................................................................................17
5.2.2 16×16 上滚模式下的仿真效果...........................................................................19
5.2.3 32×32 左滚模式下的仿真效果...........................................................................20
5.2.4 时间模式下的仿真效果.....................................................................................21
6 PCB 印刷电路板的设计 ..................................................................................................24
6.1 PCB 设计软件 Protel 99SE 介绍...............................................................................24
6.2 元件布局及 PCB 整体结构工艺..............................................................................24
6.3 布线工艺与准则 .......................................................................................................24
6.4 PCB 实物照片............................................................................................................26
7 LED 显示屏的整体调试 ..................................................................................................30
7.1 LED 显示单元板和主控板的焊接组装....................................................................30
7.2 整体调试 ...................................................................................................................32
7.2.1 LED 显示屏的调试 .............................................................................................32
7.2.2 通信单片机的通信调试.....................................................................................32
7.2.3 主控板的整体调试.............................................................................................32
7.3 实际显示效果图 .......................................................................................................33
7.4 系统升级方案探讨 ...................................................................................................34
8 结 论................................................................................................................................36
结束语..................................................................................................................................37
致 谢..................................................................................................................................38
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