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基于单片机的led汉字点阵显示屏的设计-学位论文.doc
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基于单片机的led汉字点阵显示屏的设计-学位论文.doc
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设计题目:基于单片机的 LED 汉字点阵显示屏的设计
基于单片机的 LED 汉字点阵显示屏的设计
摘 要
本文介绍了 LED 汉字点阵显示屏的设计及实现过程。通过 Proteus 仿真详细介
绍了显示的原理和显示屏驱动电路的设计,仿真效果的实现为后续实际硬件电路的
焊接和调试提供了理论基础。
该系统通过单片机来控制整个系统的运行,采用逐行扫描的方式实现汉字的显
示,主要分为三大部分:上位机软件部分、控制部分、LED 点阵显示屏。上位机软
件部分主要通过 VB 软件编写一个字模转换发送的界面,实现上位机与下位机的通
信;控制部分主芯片是 STC89C52RC,是系统的核心,再利用 C 语言编程下载实现
对单片机各引脚的控制;LED 点阵显示屏包括驱动电路和显示屏,74LS138 译码器
输出控制显示屏的行扫描,74HC595(八位并行输出移位寄存器)控制显示屏的列,
由于人眼视觉的滞留现象,行列驱动电路通过动态控制便实现了汉字的显示。
基于单片机的 LED 点阵显示屏与普通的平面静态广告相比,可以动态显示信
息,可以随时更换显示信息,与视频广告相比,造价低,信息显示地点随意性高。
因此,无论商业广告,还是一般的信息公告显示,LED 点阵显示屏都有着广泛的应
用。
关键词:单片机 LED 点阵显示屏 Proteus 仿真 显示屏驱动电路
Design of LED dot matrix display Chinese
characters Based on MCU
Abstract
This article introduces the design and implementation of the dot matrix display of
LED Chinese characters. It introduces the principle of display and the design of display
drive circuit through Proteus simulation. The results of simulation provides theory basis
for the welding and debugging of the actual hardware circuit.
It controls the operation of the whole system through the MCU,it displays Chinese
information by progressive scan, it mainly divided into three sections: PC software parts,
control part, display screen of LED dot matrix. PC software parts mainly are writed
through VB software, it writes a interface of the font conversion and sending, so as to
achieve PC and MCU communications; The main chip of the control part is
STC89C52RC,it is the core of the system, and then downloaded the C programming
language to MCU to control its pins; The display screen of LED dot matrix includes
drive circuit and display screen,74LS138 decoder controls the line
scanning,74HC595(shift register that outputs eight parallel data) controls the column
scanning. Because of human visual retention phenomenon, driving circuit achieves the
display of the Chinese characters through the ranks of the dynamic control.
Compared with LED dot matrix display of Chinese characters based on MCU, it can
display dynamic information, change information at any time, compared with video
advertising, low cost, arbitrary of the information display site is high. So whether
commercial advertising or general information announcement, the display screen of LED
is applied wildly.
Keywords: MCU ; display screen of LED dot matrix; Proteus simulation; drive circuit of
display screen
目 录
1 引言 .................................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题背景 ................................................................................................................1
1.2 系统功能概述 ........................................................................................................1
1.2.1 总体设计框架 ..............................................................................................1
1.2.2 上位机(PC)...................................................................................................2
1.2.3 串行通信接收器 ..........................................................................................2
1.2.4 单片机 ..........................................................................................................3
1.2.5 外扩存储器 ..................................................................................................3
1.2.6 LED 显示屏行列驱动电路 .........................................................................3
1.2.7 LED 点阵显示屏 .........................................................................................3
2 Proteus 模拟仿真 .............................................................................................................4
2.1 Proteus 介绍 ...........................................................................................................4
2.2 Keil u Vision3 介绍................................................................................................5
2.3 Keil u Vision3 与 Proteus 的连接..........................................................................6
2.4 硬件仿真电路 ........................................................................................................6
2.4.1 下位机汉字显示的仿真 ..............................................................................6
2.4.2 EEPROM 外扩存储器读写的仿真.............................................................7
2.4.3 下位机接收上位机传输数据的仿真 ..........................................................8
2.5 调试过程 ................................................................................................................9
3 硬件部分 .......................................................................................................................13
3.1 单片机简介 ..........................................................................................................13
3.1.1 单片机的发展及应用 ................................................................................13
3.1.2 单片机的应用 ............................................................................................14
3.1.3 单片机的开发平台 ....................................................................................14
3.2 控制部分 ..............................................................................................................15
3.2.1 芯片简介 ....................................................................................................15
3.2.2 硬件电路 ....................................................................................................18
3.2.3 电路说明 ....................................................................................................19
3.2.4 调试过程 ....................................................................................................19
3.3 显示屏部分 ..........................................................................................................20
3.3.1 芯片简介 ....................................................................................................20
3.3.2 硬件电路 ....................................................................................................25
3.3.3 电路说明 ....................................................................................................25
3.3.4 调试过程 ....................................................................................................26
3.4 设计硬件电路过程总结 ......................................................................................26
3.4.1 仿真阶段 ....................................................................................................26
3.4.2 实物阶段 ....................................................................................................28
4 软件部分 .......................................................................................................................29
4.1 汇编语言与 C 语言 .............................................................................................29
4.2 C 语言的突出优点 ..............................................................................................30
4.3 汉字显示的原理 ..................................................................................................30
4.4 汉字点阵码的生成 ..............................................................................................31
4.5 程序设计流程 ......................................................................................................33
4.5.1 静态显示汉字信息 ....................................................................................35
4.5.2 动态显示汉字信息 ....................................................................................36
4.5.3 EEPROM 外扩存储器的读写...................................................................36
4.5.4 下位机接收上位机发送的数据 ................................................................37
4.5.5 外部中断的测试 ........................................................................................37
4.5.6 总程序 ........................................................................................................37
5 VB(上位机)...............................................................................................................39
5.1 VB 软件简介........................................................................................................39
5.2 人机界面设计 ......................................................................................................39
5.3 发送界面调试 ......................................................................................................41
6 结论 ...............................................................................................................................42
谢辞 ...................................................................................................................................43
参考文献 ...........................................................................................................................44
附录 ...................................................................................................................................45
附录 1 原理图 ...........................................................................................................45
附录 2 下位机程序 ...................................................................................................47
附录 3 上位机程序 ...................................................................................................55
外文资料 ...........................................................................................................................60
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