摘 要
- I -
摘 要
随着科技的不断进步,汽车智能化已成为当今汽车工业的主流趋势。在这个背景下,
设计一款基于单片机的汽车智能座椅具有重要意义。传统汽车座椅功能有限,无法满足人
们对舒适度和便利性的需求。因此,借助单片机技术,结合各种传感器和执行器,实现汽
车座椅的智能化成为必然选择。本项目选用 STC89C52 单片机和 LCD1602 显示器,以及
各种传感器和执行器,旨在打造一款高性能、智能化的汽车座椅,为驾驶者提供更加舒适
和安全的驾驶体验。
本项目的主要研究内容包括座椅位置调节、按摩功能、温度控制以及健康监测。通过
利用按键控制步进电机,实现座椅位置的调节,为驾驶者提供个性化的乘坐体验。同时,
一键启动直流电机模块完成按摩功能,缓解长时间驾驶带来的疲劳。通过温度传感器
DS18B20 测量体温和环境温度,结合继电器控制加热和通风降温功能,保持舒适的驾驶环
境。另外,利用心率血氧模块监测驾驶者的心率和血氧,实时显示在 LCD1602 显示屏上,
为驾驶者的健康提供及时的监测和警示。
这款基于单片机的汽车智能座椅设计带来诸多好处。首先,提升了驾驶者的驾驶舒适
度和体验,使长途驾驶更加轻松愉快。其次,通过温度控制和健康监测功能,保障了驾驶
者的健康和安全。最重要的是,这种智能座椅设计不仅实用性强,而且可扩展性高,为未
来汽车智能化的发展提供了有益的参考和借鉴。
关键词 单片机,智能座椅,温度控制,按摩功能,STC89C52
Abstract
- II -
Abstract
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the automobile intelligence has
become the mainstream trend of the automobile industry today. In this context, it is of great
significance to design a smart car seat based on SCM. Traditional car seats have limited functions,
and cannot meet people's needs for comfort and convenience. Therefore, with the help of single-
chip microcomputer technology, combined with various sensors and actuators, the intelligent car
seat has become an inevitable choice. This project selects STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer
and LCD1602 display, as well as a variety of sensors and actuators, aiming to create a high-
performance, intelligent car seat, to provide drivers with a more comfortable and safe driving
experience.
The main research contents of this project include seat position adjustment, massage function,
temperature control, and health monitoring. By using the keys to control the stepping motor, the
seat position is adjusted to provide the personalized ride experience for the driver. At the same
time, one key to start the DC motor module to complete the massage function, to relieve the fatigue
caused by long time driving. Body temperature and ambient temperature are measured by the
temperature sensor DS18B20, combining the relay control heating and ventilation cooling
functions to maintain a comfortable driving environment. In addition, the heart rate and blood
oxygen module is used to monitor the driver's heart rate and blood oxygen, which is displayed on
the LCD1602 display screen in real time to provide timely monitoring and warning for the driver's
health.
This single-chip microcomputer-based smart car seat design brings many benefits. First of
all, it improves the driver's driving comfort and experience, making the long-distance driving more
relaxed and pleasant. Secondly, through the temperature control and health monitoring function,
the health and safety of drivers are guaranteed. Most importantly, this kind of intelligent seat
design is not only practical, but also highly expansibility, which provides a useful reference for
the development of future intelligent cars.
Key Words SCM, smart seat, temperature control, massage function, STC89C52
沈阳工程学院毕业设计(论文) 目
录
- III -
目 录
摘 要 ..............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................II
第 1 章 绪 论 .............................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景.............................................................................................................................1
1.2 课题目的及意义.................................................................................................................1
1.3 国内外研究现状.................................................................................................................1
1.3.1 国内研究现状 ................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 国外研究现状 ................................................................................................................2
1.4 论文主要内容.....................................................................................................................3
第 2 章 系统设计方案 .................................................................................................................4
2.1 主要模块方案选择.............................................................................................................4
2.1.1 主控模块方案选择 ........................................................................................................4
2.1.2 显示模块方案选择 ........................................................................................................4
2.1.3 步进电机电路方案选择 ................................................................................................5
2.1.4 A/D 转换器方案选择......................................................................................................6
2.2 整体系统框图设计.............................................................................................................7
2.3 本章小结.............................................................................................................................7
第 3 章 系统硬件设计 ...................................................................................................................8
3.1 主控模块电路.......................................................................................................................8
3.2 显示模块电路.....................................................................................................................10
3.3 ADC0832 转换器 ................................................................................................................11
3.4 加、降温电路.....................................................................................................................12
3.5 报警模块电路.....................................................................................................................13
3.6 按键模块电路.....................................................................................................................14
3.7 电机驱动电路.....................................................................................................................15
3.8 心率血氧传感器.................................................................................................................16
3.8 按摩电机.............................................................................................................................17
3.8 本章小结.............................................................................................................................18
第 4 章 系统软件设计 ...............................................................................................................19
4.1 编程软件介绍.....................................................................................................................19
4.2 主程序流程设计.................................................................................................................20
4.3 按键设置流程设计.............................................................................................................21
4.4 处理函数流程设计.............................................................................................................23
4.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................................24
第 5 章 仿真测试 .......................................................................................................................26
5.1 整体仿真测试.....................................................................................................................26
5.2 座椅调节运行仿真测试.....................................................................................................27
5.3 心率血氧检测仿真测试.....................................................................................................28
沈阳工程学院毕业设计(论文) 目
录
- IV -
5.4 座椅按摩仿真测试.............................................................................................................29
5.5 座椅加热仿真测试.............................................................................................................30
5.6 本章小结.............................................................................................................................31
结 论 ...........................................................................................................................................32
致 谢 ...........................................................................................................................................33
参考文献 .......................................................................................................................................34
附录 I 原理图 ...............................................................................................................................36
附录 II PCB ...................................................................................................................................37
附录 III 源代码 ............................................................................................................................38
沈阳工程学院毕业设计(论文) 第 1 章 绪
论
- 1 -
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景
在汽车工业的快速发展中,汽车智能化技术已成为一项热门的研究领域。随着人们
对舒适性和安全性的需求不断增加,汽车座椅作为汽车内部重要的功能组件之一,其设
计也日益受到关注。传统汽车座椅功能有限,无法满足用户对个性化、舒适化驾驶体验
的需求。因此,设计一款基于单片机的汽车智能座椅具有重要意义。
该研究旨在结合单片机技术、传感器和执行器,打造一款高性能、智能化的汽车座
椅,为驾驶者提供更加舒适和安全的驾驶体验。通过座椅位置调节、按摩功能、温度控
制以及健康监测等功能的实现,提升驾驶者的驾驶舒适度和健康安全水平。同时,该研
究对于汽车智能化技术的推广和应用具有重要意义,为未来汽车座椅的发展提供了有益
的参考和借鉴[]。
1.2 课题目的及意义
基于单片机的汽车智能座椅设计旨在提升驾驶者的驾驶体验和安全水平,具有重要
的目的和意义。
该研究旨在满足人们对汽车座椅个性化、舒适化的需求。传统汽车座椅功能有限,
无法满足用户对舒适性的追求。通过结合单片机技术、传感器和执行器,实现座椅位置
调节、按摩功能、温度控制等智能化功能,使驾驶者能够根据个人喜好和需求调整座
椅,提升驾驶舒适度,减少长时间驾驶带来的疲劳感,从而提高驾驶体验。
该研究旨在提升驾驶者的健康和安全水平。智能座椅设计中的健康监测功能可以实
时监测驾驶者的心率、血氧等生理指标,并在必要时发出警报,帮助驾驶者及时应对可
能存在的健康风险。此外,通过温度控制功能,保持驾驶环境舒适,不仅提高了驾驶者
的舒适度,还有助于驾驶者集中注意力,减少交通事故的发生率。
基于单片机的汽车智能座椅设计还具有推动汽车智能化发展的意义。随着科技的不
断进步,智能汽车已成为未来汽车发展的主流趋势。智能座椅作为汽车内部的重要组件
之一,其设计和应用对于提升汽车的整体智能化水平具有重要意义。该研究将为汽车座
椅智能化技术的推广和应用提供有益的参考和借鉴,推动汽车工业向更加智能化、人性
化的方向发展。
基于单片机的汽车智能座椅设计旨在提升驾驶者的驾驶体验和安全水平,推动汽车
智能化技术的发展,具有重要的社会和经济意义。
1.3 国内外研究现状