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轻松入门实战应用传智播客 C++课程

传智播客 C++课程讲义

传智扫地僧

1、C++对 C 的扩展

1 简单的 C++程序

1、C++对 C 的扩展 ..................................................................................................................................1

1.1 求圆的周长和面积 ............................................................................................................................3

1.2 初学者易犯错误模型 ........................................................................................................................6

3 C 语言和 C++语言关系 ........................................................................................................................9

4 C++对 C 的加强 ..................................................................................................................................10

1）C 语言返回变量的值 C++语言是返回变量本身............................................................................18

2）注意：三目运算符可能返回的值中如果有一个是常量值，则不能作为左值使用 ...................18

3）C 语言如何支持类似 C++的特性呢？ ............................................................................................18

5 C/C++中的 const ................................................................................................................................18

1 const 基础知识（用法、含义、好处） ............................................................................................18

2 C 中“冒牌货” ..................................................................................................................................19

3 const 和#define 相同之处 ..................................................................................................................20

4 const 和#define 的区别 ......................................................................................................................20

5 结论 ....................................................................................................................................................21

问题 1：对一段连续的内存空间只能取一个别名吗？......................................................................21

1 引用概念 ............................................................................................................................................22

2 引用是 C++的概念 ............................................................................................................................22

3 引用做函数参数 ................................................................................................................................22

4 引用的意义 ........................................................................................................................................24

轻松入门实战应用传智播客 C++课程

5 引用本质思考 ....................................................................................................................................24

6 引用的本质 ........................................................................................................................................25

1）引用在实现上，只不过是把：间接赋值成立的三个条件的后两步和二为一 ...........................25

2）当我们使用引用语法的时，我们不去关心编译器引用是怎么做的 ...........................................25

1 使用变量初始化 const 引用 .............................................................................................................30

3 综合案例 ............................................................................................................................................31

3 const 引用结论....................................................................................................................................32

1 inline 内联函数 ...................................................................................................................................33

2 默认参数 ............................................................................................................................................35

3 函数占位参数 ....................................................................................................................................35

4 默认参数和占位参数 ........................................................................................................................36

5 函数重载（Overroad） .....................................................................................................................37

附录 1：C++语言对 C 语言扩充和增强的几点具体体现....................................................................40

附录 2：C 语言 register 关键字—最快的关键字 ................................................................................43

9 作业及强化训练 ................................................................................................................................44

1 复杂数据类型引用做函数参数.........................................................................................................44

2 代码敲一遍 ........................................................................................................................................44

3 设计一个类, 求圆形的周长 .............................................................................................................44

4 设计一个学生类,属性有姓名和学号,...............................................................................................45

2、类和对象 ..........................................................................................................................................46

3）析构函数定义及调用 ......................................................................................................................49

1）C++中的类可以定义一个特殊的成员函数清理对象，这个特殊的成员函数叫做析构函数 .....49

2）析构函数没有参数也没有任何返回类型的声明...........................................................................49

3）析构函数在对象销毁时自动被调用...............................................................................................49

4）析构函数调用机制 ..........................................................................................................................50

2 C++编译器构造析构方案 PK 对象显示初始化方案 ......................................................................50

第 3 个调用场景 ....................................................................................................................................54

第 4 个调用场景 ....................................................................................................................................55

轻松入门实战应用传智播客 C++课程

1.必须这样做： .....................................................................................................................................61

2、类成员中若有 const 修饰，必须在对象初始化的时候，给 const int m 赋值 ...........................61

1 static 关键字强化训练题....................................................................................................................77

2 数组类封装 ........................................................................................................................................79

2 运算符重载的本质是一个函数.........................................................................................................82

1）友元函数和成员函数选择方法.......................................................................................................89

2）用友元函数重载 << >>操作符......................................................................................................89

3）友元函数重载操作符使用注意点.................................................................................................90

4 ）友元函数案例 vector 类 ................................................................................................................90

1 //先释放旧的内存 ..............................................................................................................................93

2 返回一个引用 ....................................................................................................................................93

3 =操作符从右向左 .............................................................................................................................93

x [ y ] .......................................................................................................................................................94

x . operator [ ] ( y ) ..................................................................................................................................94

x ( arg1, arg2, … ) ....................................................................................................................................95

x . operator () (arg1, arg2, … ) .................................................................................................................95

F f ; ....................................................................................................................................................95

b = “aaaaaa” ...........................................................................................................................................98

2 解决方案：例如：boost 库的智能指针 ..........................................................................................99

3 智能指针思想 ....................................................................................................................................99

3、继承和派生 ....................................................................................................................................105

4、多态 ................................................................................................................................................124

5、纯虚函数和抽象类 ........................................................................................................................141

传智播客 C++进阶课程讲义 ...............................................................................................................155

传智扫地僧 ..........................................................................................................................................155

6、函数模板和类模板 ......................................................................................................................155

案例 1： ...............................................................................................................................................160

案例 2： ...............................................................................................................................................161

轻松入门实战应用传智播客 C++课程

6.1.6 C++编译器模板机制剖析 ...........................................................................................................162

7、C++的类型转换 ..............................................................................................................................181

8、异常处理机制专题 ........................................................................................................................186

案例 1：被零整除案例 .......................................................................................................................188

案例 2： ...............................................................................................................................................188

案例 3： ...............................................................................................................................................189

8.2.2 栈解旋(unwinding)......................................................................................................................191

8.2.3 异常接口声明 .............................................................................................................................192

8.2.4 异常类型和异常变量的生命周期..............................................................................................192

8.2.5 异常的层次结构(继承在异常中的应用) ...................................................................................198

案例 1： ...............................................................................................................................................200

9 C++输入和输出流 .............................................................................................................................203

9.2.2 标准输出流 .................................................................................................................................211

9.3.1 文件流类和文件流对象 .............................................................................................................218

9.3.2C++文件的打开与关闭 ................................................................................................................219

9.3.3C++对 ASCII 文件的读写操作 ......................................................................................................221

9.3.4 C++对二进制文件的读写操作 ...................................................................................................226

案例 1 ...................................................................................................................................................226

1 编程实现以下数据输入/输出： .....................................................................................................227

第二题： ..............................................................................................................................................229

10、STL 实用技术专题........................................................................................................................231

10.2.2Vector 容器 ................................................................................................................................242

10.2.3Deque 容器.................................................................................................................................248

10.2.4stack 容器...................................................................................................................................253

10.2.5Queue 容器 ................................................................................................................................255

10.2.6List 容器......................................................................................................................................257

10.2.7 优先级队列 priority_queue ......................................................................................................262

10.2.8Set 和 multiset 容器...................................................................................................................263