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RFC2328

OSPF

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Network Working Group J. Moy

Request for Comments: 2328 Ascend Communications, Inc.

STD: 54 April 1998

Obsoletes: 2178

Category: Standards Track

OSPF Version 2

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the

Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for

improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet

Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state

and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is

unlimited.

Abstract

This memo documents version 2 of the OSPF protocol. OSPF is a

link-state routing protocol. It is designed to be run internal to a

single Autonomous System. Each OSPF router maintains an identical

database describing the Autonomous System's topology. From this

database, a routing table is calculated by constructing a shortest-

path tree.

OSPF recalculates routes quickly in the face of topological changes,

utilizing a minimum of routing protocol traffic. OSPF provides

support for equal-cost multipath. An area routing capability is

provided, enabling an additional level of routing protection and a

reduction in routing protocol traffic. In addition, all OSPF

routing protocol exchanges are authenticated.

The differences between this memo and RFC 2178 are explained in

RFC 2328 OSPF Version 2 April 1998

Implementations of this memo and of RFCs 2178, 1583, and 1247 will

interoperate.

Please send comments to ospf@gated.cornell.edu.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ........................................... 6

1.1 Protocol Overview ...................................... 6

1.2 Definitions of commonly used terms ..................... 8

1.3 Brief history of link-state routing technology ........ 11

1.4 Organization of this document ......................... 12

1.5 Acknowledgments ....................................... 12

2 The link-state database: organization and calculations 13

2.1 Representation of routers and networks ................ 13

2.1.1 Representation of non-broadcast networks .............. 15

2.1.2 An example link-state database ........................ 18

2.2 The shortest-path tree ................................ 21

2.3 Use of external routing information ................... 23

2.4 Equal-cost multipath .................................. 26

3 Splitting the AS into Areas ........................... 26

3.1 The backbone of the Autonomous System ................. 27

3.2 Inter-area routing .................................... 27

3.3 Classification of routers ............................. 28

3.4 A sample area configuration ........................... 29

3.5 IP subnetting support ................................. 35

3.6 Supporting stub areas ................................. 37

3.7 Partitions of areas ................................... 38

4 Functional Summary .................................... 40

4.1 Inter-area routing .................................... 41

4.2 AS external routes .................................... 41

4.3 Routing protocol packets .............................. 42

4.4 Basic implementation requirements ..................... 43

4.5 Optional OSPF capabilities ............................ 46

5 Protocol data structures .............................. 47

6 The Area Data Structure ............................... 49

7 Bringing Up Adjacencies ............................... 52

7.1 The Hello Protocol .................................... 52

7.2 The Synchronization of Databases ...................... 53

7.3 The Designated Router ................................. 54

RFC 2328 OSPF Version 2 April 1998

8 Protocol Packet Processing ............................ 58

8.1 Sending protocol packets .............................. 58

8.2 Receiving protocol packets ............................ 61

9 The Interface Data Structure .......................... 63

9.1 Interface states ...................................... 67

9.2 Events causing interface state changes ................ 70

9.3 The Interface state machine ........................... 72

9.4 Electing the Designated Router ........................ 75

9.5 Sending Hello packets ................................. 77

9.5.1 Sending Hello packets on NBMA networks ................ 79

10 The Neighbor Data Structure ........................... 80

10.1 Neighbor states ....................................... 83

10.2 Events causing neighbor state changes ................. 87

10.3 The Neighbor state machine ............................ 89

10.4 Whether to become adjacent ............................ 95

10.5 Receiving Hello Packets ............................... 96

10.6 Receiving Database Description Packets ................ 99

10.7 Receiving Link State Request Packets ................. 102

10.8 Sending Database Description Packets ................. 103

10.9 Sending Link State Request Packets ................... 104

10.10 An Example ........................................... 105

11 The Routing Table Structure .......................... 107

11.1 Routing table lookup ................................. 111

11.2 Sample routing table, without areas .................. 111

11.3 Sample routing table, with areas ..................... 112

12 Link State Advertisements (LSAs) ..................... 115

12.1 The LSA Header ....................................... 116

12.1.1 LS age ............................................... 116

12.1.2 Options .............................................. 117

12.1.3 LS type .............................................. 117

12.1.4 Link State ID ........................................ 117

12.1.5 Advertising Router ................................... 119

12.1.6 LS sequence number ................................... 120

12.1.7 LS checksum .......................................... 121

12.2 The link state database .............................. 121

12.3 Representation of TOS ................................ 122

12.4 Originating LSAs ..................................... 123

12.4.1 Router-LSAs .......................................... 126

12.4.1.1 Describing point-to-point interfaces ................. 130

12.4.1.2 Describing broadcast and NBMA interfaces ............. 130

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zhengyingougou

2011-10-09

所需的东西，可惜全英文的，本人看起来费劲，写了
xtrong

2012-10-16

word的排版有问题，估计是格式转换过来之后，部分排版格式丢失所致~看起来很不爽

longhuqixin

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