长沙理工大学
化学与环境工程系
本(专)科生毕业设计(论文)
开题报告
( 届)
题目:
指导教师
专业名称 班 级
学生姓名 学 号
年 月 日
目 录
题目: I
I
摘 要 I
Abstract I
第1 章 选题依据 1
1.1 课题来源.........................................................................................................1
1.1.1 硫化锑矿的分布状况............................................................................1
1.1.2 硫化锑矿的生产及利用现状.................................................................1
1.2 课题背景.........................................................................................................1
1.2.1 矿渣状况................................................................................................1
1.2.2 矿渣危害................................................................................................2
1.2.3 矿渣治理................................................................................................2
1.3 课题研究目的.................................................................................................2
1.3.1 精细硫磺的性质....................................................................................2
1.3.2 精细硫磺的用途....................................................................................2
1.4 课题意义.........................................................................................................2
1.4.1 不溶性硫磺性质....................................................................................2
1.4.2 不溶性硫磺用途....................................................................................2
第2 章 毕业实习调研报告 3
2.1 前言.................................................................................................................3
2.2 实习调研内容.................................................................................................3
2.2.1 实习工作的主要内容............................................................................3
2.2.2 生产单位的工艺流程............................................................................3
2.2.3 管理规范................................................................................................3
2.3 实习总结和体会.............................................................................................3
第3 章 文献综述 4
第4 章 研究方案 9
4.1 课题研究目标.................................................................................................9
4.1.1 液固比..................................................................................................10
4.1.2 冷却温度..............................................................................................10
4.1.3 加热时间..............................................................................................10
4.1.4 加热温度..............................................................................................10
4.2 课题主要研究内容........................................................................................11
4.2.1 正交试验..............................................................................................11
4.2.2 杂质去除(深度纯化)............................................................................11
4.3 课题研究方法...............................................................................................11
4.4 课题设计思路...............................................................................................12
4.5 课题可行行论证...........................................................................................12
4.5.1 最佳实验条件的确定..........................................................................12
4.5.2 液体浸取剂I*回收...............................................................................12
4.6 课题研究进度...............................................................................................12
4.6.1 浸取剂性质比较..................................................................................12
第5 章 翻译文献 12
摘 要
随着市场对硫化锑矿石的需求量越来越大,选矿之后和冶炼后产生的矿渣也越
来越多,大多数矿渣随处堆放未作处理和治理,另外矿渣中含有一定的硫磺和贵重
金属资源。传统的土法提取硫工艺以焙烧为基础,具有投资高、周期长、危险性高
操作不便等缺点。为了处理和解决硫化锑工业生产中日益增长的矿渣治理问题以及
回收利用硫磺资源,不断探索和研究新的技术方法已成为亟待开展的研究课题。
本课题立足于国内外提取回收硫磺研究的最新研究成果,改变传统的研究思路
采用浸取结晶的工艺方法。在对浸取结晶机理进行深入分析的同时,也对实验影响
因素进行了综合研究。实验中通过对液固比、冷却温度、加热时间、加热温度等条
件进行调控,找出了硫磺回收率与各种影响因素的定性和定量关系,以及提取回收
的最佳试验条件,并对硫磺进一步纯化和矿渣中贵重金属回收也作了一定的初步研
究。
实验结果表明:通过实验影响因素以及正交试验的数据分析,可知液固比是最
主要的影响因素;最佳实验条件为:加热浸取温度150℃、加热时间15min、冷却
温度0℃、液固比10:1(mL/g),在此实验条件下,可以达到最佳的实验效果,
此时浸取精细硫磺的回收率可达96.60%,浸取剂I*回收率为92.36%;精细硫磺纯度
为98.00%,平均粒径大小为5.01μm。同时还对多级浸取进行了试验研究,多级浸
取对浸取剂回收效果基本上没有影响,可以循环利用;同时经过实验测定硫磺的纯
度和粒度也基本上没有变化。实验中得到的精细硫磺成浅黄色,粉末状,有润滑感
除了对普通硫磺的深度纯化进行理论研究外,论文中还对精细硫磺产品的深度
纯化进行了详细研究,并提出了蒸馏的工艺方法。同时提取硫磺后浓缩的矿渣中含
有一定量的铅和锑,为了将金属回收并资源化,本文中提出了采用浮选法,氯化浸
出分离铅和锑研究方法。最后,根据浸取回收硫磺的实验研究结果,提出了生产精
细硫磺的生产工艺;同时还介绍了生产高价值品位的不溶性硫磺的各种生产工艺以
及对其优缺点进行比较,并对其工业化展望进行了深入探讨。
关键词:浸取结晶;精细硫磺;不溶性硫磺;工业化
Abstract
W i t h t h e g r e a te r d e m a n d o f s u l f u r e t e d a n t i m o n y s l a g f o r m a r k e t , t h e s l a g w a s
I
b e c o m e m o r e a n d m o r e a f t e r t h e p r o c e s s o f s e l e c t i n g a n d s m e l ti n g m i n e , w h e r e a s ,
t h e m o s t s l a g f re e l y p l a c e d wa sn’t d i s p o s e d a n d t r e a t e d i n s o m e d e g r e e. M e a n w h i l e ,
t h e r e w e r e s o m e s u l p h u r a n d v a l u a b l e m e t a l s i n t h e s l a g . B a s e d o n t h e
baking, traditional process for distilling sulphur had many disadvantages, such as high
c o s t , l o n g p e r i o d, h i g h d a n g e r, a n d d i s c o m m o d i o u s o p e r a t i o n. T h e r e s e a r c h a n d
exploration of new technology methods had become the desiderate project, in order to
deal with and settle the problem of progressive slag and sulphur recycling.
On the basis of the newest research achievement for reclaiming sulphur at home
and abroad, different from traditional research method, leaching & rime method wa s
u s e d i n t h e p ro c e s s. I n t h e pa p e r, l e a c h i n g & r i m e p r i n c i p l e w a s a na l y s e d i n - d e p t h,
also, influencing factors were studied synthetically. In the experiment, qualitative and
q u a n t i t a t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e r e c o v e r y y i e l d o f s u l p h u r a n d a l l k i n d s o f
i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s a n d t h e b e s t e x p e r i m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s f o r l e a c h i n g & r i m e w e r e
found by controlling the liquid-solid rate, cooling temperature, heating time and heating
t e m p e r a t u r e , w h a t’s m o r e , p r i m a r y r e s e a r c h o n f a r t h e r p u r i f i c a t i o n o f s u l p h u r a n d
recycling valuable metals in the slag was made in the paper.
I t i n d i c a t ed i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t : B y a n a l y s i s o f i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s a n d d a t a o n
o r t h o g o n a l e x p e r i m e n t , l i q u i d - s o l i d r a t e w a s d o m i n a t i n g i n t h e i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s .
U n d e r t h e b e s t e x p e r i m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s o f l i q u i d - s o l i d r a t e 1 0: 1 , h e a t i n g t i m e 1 5
m i n u t e s , h e a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e 1 4 0℃ a n d c o o l i n g t e m p e r a t u r e 0℃, m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y
results, such as fine sulphur recovery yield 96.60%, extraction solvent I* recovery yield
92.36%, the sulphur’s granularity 5.01 microns and the fine sulphur’s purity 98.00%,
w e r e a c h i e v e d . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s e a r c h o n m u l t i l e v e l l e a c h i n g w a s
m a d e , a n d i t s h o w e d t h a t t h e r e w a s l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e o n r e c y c l i n g a n d p r o d u c t
c h a r a c t e r, s u c h a s g r a n u l a r i t y , p u r i t y . F i n e s u l p h u r g o t i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t w a s
buff, powdered and lubricate.
B e s i d e s t h e s t u d y o n c o m m o n s u l p h u r ' s fur t h e r p u r i f i c a t i o n , di s t i l l a t i o n m e t h o d
w a s p r e s e n te d a n d m a d e f u r t h e r s t u d y i n o r d e r t o d e e p l y p u r i f y f i n e s u l p h u r .
Meanwhile, there were some lead and antimony compounds in the slag after leaching
s u l p h u r , i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f r e c y c l i n g a n d r e s o u r c e - t r a n s f e r , f l o a t a t i o n m e t h o d w a s
a d o p te d t o s e p a r a t e t h e m b y c h l o r i n a t i o n a n d s o a ki n g . F i n a l l y, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t , t h e p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s f l o w o f f i n e s u l p h u r w a s p r e s e n te d;
Meanwhile, all kinds of production processes of insoluble sulphur with high value were
i n t r o d u c e d , a n d t h e i r a d v a n t a g e s a n d d i s a d v a n t a g e s w e r e c o m p a r e d i n d e t a i l ,
furthermore, the industrialized prospect was deeply discussed.
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