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数字电子技术第二章 进制之间的转换
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数字电子技术第二章 进制之间的转换
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ELEC 2200
Digital Logic Circutis
Fall 2022
Number Systems & Digital Codes
(Chapter 1)
Christopher B. Harris
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Fall 2022
ELEC 2200 Chapter 1
1
Number systems and digital codes
This next chapter covers number systems and codes
employed in digital systems, like:
– Binary
– Octal
– Hexadecimal
– Arithmetic
– Base conversion
– Negative representation
– Complement
– Numeric codes for fixed-point
– Numeric codes for floating- point
– Character codes, ASCII
– Gray codes
– Excess codes
– Error detection
– Correction codes
Fall 2022
ELEC 2200 Chapter 1
2
Number systems
A number system consists of an ordered set of symbols (digits) with relations defined for
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), division (÷).
Radix (r) or base is the total number of digits allowed in the number system.
Number systems commonly used in digital systems include:
– Decimal, r = 10
– Binary, r = 2
– Octal, r = 8
– Hexadecimal, r = 16
Numbers may have an integer part and fractional part separated by a radix point (.):
– 2713.043
– 1001110.1101
– 2EA.C4
Fall 2022
ELEC 2200 Chapter 1
3
Integer digits Fractional digits
Positional notation
A positive number N, in base r, can be written in positional form as
N = (a
n-1
a
n-2
a
n-3
a
n-4
…. a
3
a
2
a
1
a
0
. a
-1
a
-2
a
-3
a
-4
…. a
-m
)
r
The position of each digit indicates its relative weight or significance:
E.g. for money, $123.35 in “positional notation” is
$123.35 = 1x(hundred dollar bill) + 2x(ten dollar bill)
+ 3x(one dollar bill) + 3x(dime) + 5x(penny)
(123.35)
10
= 1x10
2
+ 2x10
1
+ 3x10
0
+ 3x10
-1
+ 5x10
-2
= radix point separating the integer digits
from fractional digits
= radix or base of the number system
= number of integer digits
= number of fractional digits
= most significant digit
= least significant digit
.
r
n
m
a
n-1
a
-m
Fall 2022
ELEC 2200 Chapter 1
4
Common number systems
Fall 2022
ELEC 2200 Chapter 1
5
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